Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Meeting - Assignment Example All the kids are male aside from the most youthful, who is a female. Her youngsters are 40, 37, 35 and 31 in like manner. She and her better half are presently living in their own home, which isn't a long way from that of her youngsters, and in this manner of her grandkids too. The reason for this paper is to analyze the chosen lady's feelings and ideas of marriage, family and youngsters as she was raised to think, as indicated by which she's carried on with her life, and afterward contrast and agreement those with those of my own. The lady met, my grandma, accepts, and was raised to accept, that marriage should keep going forever. It was a totally different time from today, two ages prior, and this recognition was substantially more typical and famous than, as opposed to the altogether different one of today. Surprisingly, however, individuals used to get hitched at a youthful age and maybe without knowing their planned mate for whatever length of time that individuals do today prec eding marriage. This appears to be very odd and odd for me today, yet my grandma says that that is the means by which it was in those days. On the off chance that you knew the individual for a year or two and thought you were good, you got hitched. Sex before marriage was likewise significantly less worthy or fitting. It was additionally normal conclusion that one needs to do whatever the person in question can so as to spare and protect the marriage on the off chance that it falls under a difficult time (Author, Year). What she portrays is entirely sensible for that time, yet appears to be very out of date today. Few are the individuals who despite everything hold these convictions today, and they are viewed as uncommon and the special case of the codes of conduct and standards of today. Things have changed a great deal in these years between her age and mine. Alongside the liberation of ladies, ladies' correct developments and the adjustments in the public eye just as in the gover ning body, there's been a significant move towards living every individual sees fit. There is significantly less constrain today from families or others to get hitched rapidly, and less analysis or eyebrow-raising if a lady isn't hitched. This is more genuine for men than for ladies, yet it additionally applies to ladies. Men are regularly thought to be less full grown for genuine connections, duties and marriage, not to mention beginning a family, while ladies are commonly observed as more marriage and family situated. While it might hold some reality (and ladies do without a doubt contemplate connections and the craving to be hitched and have youngsters than men do), it is undoubtedly not valid for everybody, and now and again it is totally the inverse. Back in my grandma's time it was very incredible. A lady should be hitched and was relied upon to do as such until a particular age. Today it isn't care for that by any stretch of the imagination. Being hitched and turning into a m other were viewed as an indivisible piece of being a lady (Author, Year). Today, there are ladies who select never to get hitched, despite the fact that some of which are in since quite a while ago, serious relationships. It is presently accepted by some that marriage isn't for everybody, and some decide not to get hitched. Combined with the current separation rates, things have unquestionably changed in the decades since my grandma's time and as of recently (Author, Year). It is fascinating to note, in this specific circumstance, that in spite of the fact that marriage has gotten less fundamental to certain ladies today and maybe as a result of it, the wedding business has developed colossally, and the big day is currently viewed as one of life's progressively significant achievements. Before, while it was likewise huge, individuals didn't make such a major

Tun Abdul Razak Essay Example

Tun Abdul Razak Essay On 8 August 1967, five pioneers _ the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand _ plunked down together in the fundamental lobby of the Department of Foreign Affairs working in Bangkok, Thailand and marked a report. By prudence of that archive, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was conceived. The five Foreign Ministers who marked it _ Adam Malik of Indonesia, Narciso R. Ramos of the Philippines, Tun Abdul Razak of Malaysia, S.Rajaratnam of Singapore, and Thanat Khoman of Thailand _ would in this way be hailed as the FoundingFathers of likely the best between administrative association on the planet today. Furthermore, the record that they marked would be known as the ASEAN Declaration. It was a short, basically worded report containing only five articles. It pronounced the foundation of an Association for Regional Cooperation among the Countries of Southeast Asia to be known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and illuminated the points and reasons for that Association.These points and designs were about participation in the financial, social, social, specialized, instructive and different fields, and in the advancement of local harmony and dependability through withstanding regard for equity and the standard of law and adherence to the standards of the United Nations Charter. It specified that the Association would be open for interest by all States in the Southeast Asian locale buying in to its points, standards and purposes.It announced ASEAN as speaking to the group will of the countries of Southeast Asia to tie themselves together in kinship and collaboration and, through joint endeavors and forfeits, secure for their people groups and for children the endowments of harmony, opportunity and flourishing. It was while Thailand was expediting a compromise among Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia over specific questions that it unfolded on the four nations that the second for terri torial collaboration had come or the fate of the area would remain uncertain.Recalls one of the two enduring heroes of that memorable procedure, Thanat Khoman of Thailand : At the feast denoting the compromise between the three disputants, I proposed shaping another association for provincial participation with Adam Malik concurred decisively however requested time to converse with his administration and furthermore to standardize relations with Malaysia since the encounter was finished. In the mean time, the Thai Foreign Office arranged a draft contract of the new establishment. Inside a couple of months, everything was ready.I in this manner welcomed, the two previous individuals from the Association for Southeast Asia (ASA), Malaysia and the Philippines, and Indonesia, a key part, to a gathering in Bangkok. What's more, Singapore sent S. Rajaratnam, at that point Foreign Minister, to see me about joining the new set-up. Despite the fact that the new association was wanted to incl ude just the ASA individuals in addition to Indonesia, Singapores demand was well thought of. Thus toward the beginning of August 1967, the five Foreign Ministers went through four days in the overall seclusion of a sea shore resort in Bang Saen, a seaside town not exactly a hundred kilometers southeast of Bangkok.There they haggled over that archive in an emphatically casual way which they would later savor the experience of portraying as sports-shirt strategy. However it was in no way, shape or form a simple procedure: each man brought into the thoughts a chronicled and political viewpoint that had no similarity to that of any of the others. In any case, with altruism and amiableness, as frequently as they crouched at the arranging table, they finessed their way through their disparities as they arranged their shots on the green and exchanged zingers on one anothers game, a style of thought which would in the long run become the ASEAN clerical tradition.Now, with the rigors of dea lings and the informalities of Bang Saen behind them, with their marks perfectly appended to the ASEAN Declaration, otherwise called the Bangkok Declaration, it was the ideal opportunity for certain customs. The first to talk was the Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Narciso Ramos, a one-time writer and long-term administrator who had allowed up to be Speaker of the Philippine Congress to fill in as one of his countrys first representatives. He was then 66 years of age and his solitary child, the future President Fidel V.Ramos, was presenting with the Philippine Civic Action Group in troubled Vietnam. He reviewed the repetitiveness of the arrangements that went before the marking of the Declaration that genuinely burdened the altruism, the creative mind, the tolerance and comprehension of the five taking part Ministers. That ASEAN was built up at all regardless of these troubles, he stated, implied that its establishments had been determinedly laid. What's more, he dazzled it on the crowd of negotiators, authorities and media individuals who had seen the marking function that an incredible need to keep moving had incited the Ministers to experience all that trouble.He talked dimly of the powers that were exhibited against the endurance of the nations of Southeast Asia in those dubious and crucial occasions. The divided economies of Southeast Asia, he stated, (with) every nation seeking after its own restricted targets and scattering its small assets in the covering or in any event, clashing undertakings of sister states_carry the seeds of shortcoming in their inadequacy for development and their self-propagating reliance on the progressed, mechanical countries. ASEAN, accordingly, could marshal the still undiscovered possibilities of this rich area through progressively considerable joined activity. At the point when it was his chance to speak, Adam Malik, Presidium Minister for Political Affairs and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, reviewed t hat about a year prior, in Bangkok, at the finish of the harmony talks among Indonesia and Malaysia, he had investigated the possibility of an association, for example, ASEAN with his Malaysian and Thai partners. One of the furious youngsters in his countrys battle for autonomy two decades sooner, Adam Malik was then 50 years of age and one of a Presidium of five drove by then General Soeharto that was guiding Indonesia from the skirt of financial and political chaos.He was the Presidiums go-to person in Indonesias endeavors to retouch wall with its neighbors in the wake of a disastrous approach of encounter. During the previous year, he stated, the Ministers had all cooperated toward the acknowledgment of the ASEAN thought, making scurry gradually, so as to assemble another relationship for territorial participation. Adam Malik proceeded to portray Indonesias vision of a Southeast Asia forming into an area which can remain on its own feet, sufficiently able to shield itself against any negative impact from outside the district. Such a dream, he pushed, was not unrealistic reasoning, if the nations of the locale adequately helped out one another, thinking about their consolidated common assets and labor. He alluded to contrasts of standpoint among the part nations, yet those distinctions, he stated, would be defeated through a limit of generosity and getting, confidence and authenticity. Difficult work, persistence and steadiness, he included, would likewise be necessary.The nations of Southeast Asia ought to likewise be happy to assume liability for whatever transpires, as indicated by Tun Abdul Razak, the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, who talked straightaway. In his discourse, he summoned a dream of an ASEAN that would incorporate all the nations of Southeast Asia. Tun Abdul Razak was then simultaneously his countrys Minister of Defense and Minister of National Development. It was when national endurance was the abrogating pushed of Malaysias relations with different countries thus as Minister of Defense, he was accountable for his countrys outside affairs.He focused on that the nations of the area should perceive that except if they accepted their normal accountability to shape their own predetermination and to forestall outer intercession and impedance, Southeast Asia would stay laden with threat and strain. What's more, except if they made conclusive and aggregate move to forestall the emission of intra-provincial clashes, the countries of Southeast Asia would stay vulnerable to control, one against another. We the countries and people groups of Southeast Asia, Tun Abdul Razak stated, must social affair and structure without anyone else another point of view and another system for our region.It is significant that separately and mutually we ought to make a profound mindfulness that we can't get by for long as autonomous however secluded people groups except if we additionally think and act together and except if we demonstrate by deeds that we have a place with a group of Southeast Asian countries bound together by ties of fellowship and generosity and pervaded with our own standards and yearnings and resolved to shape our own predetermination. He included that, with the foundation of ASEAN, we have taken a firm and a striking advance on that street. As far as it matters for him, S.Rajaratnam, a previous Minister of Culture of multi-social Singapore who, around then, filled in as its first Foreign Minister, noticed that two many years of patriot intensity had not satisfied the desires for the individuals of Southeast Asia for better expectations for everyday comforts. On the off chance that ASEAN would succeed, he stated, at that point its individuals would need to wed national speculation with provincial reasoning. We should now think at two levels, Rajaratnam said. We should think of our national advantages as well as place them against local interests: that is another perspective about our problems.And these are two unique things and some of the time they can struggle. Besides, we should likewise acknowledge the reality, in the event that we are extremely genuine about it, that territorial presence implies agonizing changes in accordance with those practices and thinking in our particular nations. We should make these agonizing and troublesome modifications. On the off chance that we won't do that, at that point regionalism stays an ideal world. S. Rajaratnam communicated the dread, in any case, that ASEAN would be misjudged. We are not against an

Extracurricular Ideas for the Summer after Junior Year of High School TKG

Extracurricular Ideas for the Summer after Junior Year of High School Summer is upon us. Ok, it’s not, but the time to think about and solidify your summer plans is certainly upon us.We strongly advise against anything that could be considered what we like to call “resume building.” We are anti-resume building, and by resume building, we mean engaging in activities for the sole purpose of listing it on your resume because you think it will “look good.” Spoiler alert: admissions officers can tell when a resume has been padded by “look good” items and you attempting to hide your lackluster interest under a thing you did with a catchy cause or at an exclusive institution.Doing an activity or taking a class that isn’t rooted in a true interest or passion shows on your application and on your resume. Summer is an incredibly valuable and precious time, so you don’t want to waste it. Not freshman summer, not junior summer, not ever. Doing a community service activity that is more or less an excuse for you to travel to Costa Rica does not sho w a commitment to service, and it could end up hurting rather than helping you. We know--how can community service be harmful? It seems odd, but believe us when we say: spend your summer carefully and consider all of the options before you make a decision.Let’s talk about what is resume-padding/building and what is not. The first question to ask yourself when you’re considering a summer activity is: does this fit? As in, does it fit in and make sense when you look at all of your extracurricular activities, projects, classes, and interests. If it’s an outlier, odds are that it’s a resume-padder. Nix it. Here are some ideas for programs and projects that we consider genuine, valuable, and a good use of your summer.Community ServiceGet in there and actually do the work--commit to an internship in the field that gives back to the community. Intern or work at a local community organization before you consider traveling for “community service.”Wave Hill Forest Summer Internshi p -- for those interested in environmental science, forestry, ecology, etc.Sustainable Summer -- a niche summer program for those interested in all aspects of environmentalism and sustainability.World-Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms -- WWOOF is a worldwide organization where you can work at a farm in exchange for room and board.Find a volunteer opportunity near you and commit to a significant period of time per week that you can work. Over and above that, set goals with your supervisor and get involved in one aspect of the organization that you can really make an impact on.Academic ProgramsIf you are going to apply to an academic program, you need to make sure that you will be able to take advanced level, specific classes that address your interests. Summer programs at universities and colleges often give students the chance to take a number of liberal arts courses, but we advise against those kinds of programs. Rather, students should look for programs where they can really foc us in and take courses in specific topics that they are interested in. Some good programs that accomplish this include:Columbia Honors Science ProgramSummer at Georgetown -- great for students interested in government, international relations, and political science especially because Georgetown is known for its highly competitive Walsh School of Foreign Service.Stanford Summer Institutes Yale Global ScholarsMIT Summer ProgramsCornell High School Summer Engineering ProgramRPI Aerospace Engineering Summer ProgramCreative Writing Intensive at Emerson CollegeWeill Cornell Youth Scholars ProgramStart Your Own ProjectAnd of course, our favorite, spearheading your own project/business/endeavor. The summer is a significant period of time where you can strategize and put together something of your own choosing. You can start a business, or create an intensive course of study in a particular subject that you’ve been wanting to master via auditing college courses and online courses. There ar e endless options in this category, but you have to create a clear plan of action. Let us know if this is of interest to you and we’d be happy to help you come up with a plan.These lists are of course not exhaustive, but just to give you an idea of what to look for. We strongly encourage our students to do something that tells a story and points to an interest or specialty of theirs that stands out. The more specific, the better. The summer before your senior year is not the time to pick a new unique hobby and pursue it with limitless gusto. That is the time to be introducing new passions onto your resume. It is the time to sharpen and hone the skills and interests that you’ve been developing along the way. For younger students, the rules are a little bit less rigid. If you have any questions about a program, anything we wrote about above, or need help brainstorming for your summer, don’t hesitate to contact us. We’d love to help you plan an amazing summer.

Comparison of Elizabeth Tallen´s No One´s a Mystery and...

Every author has their own way of making the elements of fiction work the best in the best interest of their narrative. One of the most important elements of fiction is the character. The character brings the story to life and gives one narrative something another narrative may not have, even if the stories are the same. The character in Elizabeth Tallent’s No Ones a Mystery in contrast to the character in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour has a different outlook on the future even though both women are in a similar situation. The narratives are about young women in love and in relationships. However, one woman is content in staying in her unstable relationship, while the other is dying to escape her unhappy relationship. Their objectives are completely different as far as their futures are concerned, but both women seem to share the uncertainty of the current situation they find themselves in. Both women were uncertain about their circumstances, as far as their relationships were concerned. Mrs. Mallard was uncertain about whether she really loved her husband when Chopin writes, And yet she had loved him- sometimes. Often she had not. The author suggests that she did not love her husband more than she loved him. Here is a woman who is in a relationship she isn’t sure she even wants to be in. The woman in Tallent’s narrative becomes uncertain of her current situation with Jack while they were in the car discussing their futures. Jack believes they will end, while

Athletes And Athletes Should Not Be Paid - 3056 Words

Leagues such as the NFL, NBA, MLB, WNBA, and many more bring us entertainment on a daily bases, thanks to the athletes that strive everyday by practicing as hard as they can so when game day comes they can perform for us. But what if these same athletes and other athletes that never made it to the professional level of sports focus and put for the same effort as they do for sports they love, to their academics while they were in school, could a better future be planned for them. As many know when a student is recruited to play in a collegiate sport at any college/university sports seem to be that students main focus rather than academics. Athletes not understanding the importance of education and earning a degree, has been the cause of athletes not having a back up plan after their college careers are over. Not every athlete makes it to the professional, so once they graduate from college or leave the real world is awaiting and starting a career can be very challenging. So now, rathe r than later its time to showing student-athletes the importance of why they need to work as hard as possible to be able to create a better future for themselves. Sometimes sports are emphasized more than schoolwork and test scores throughout the media. So a different path has to start being taught to student athletes. This path has to start in their homes and in the classrooms that they students learn in. Understanding why these student athletes love sports so much and showing them that lovingShow MoreRelatedAthletes Should Not Be Paid1496 Words   |  6 PagesTitle Athletes suit up and perform on a daily and weekly basis. Week in and week out, athletes draw in thousands and thousands of fans to speculate the flashy performance. They give the best effort, putting themselves at risk, doing anything possible to insure a victory. Many hours of hard work are spent to perform the best they can. Through the dedication and performance of these athletes, speculations have aroused that athletes should begin to receive pay. Some people believe that colligate athletesRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid1025 Words   |  5 Pagescombined with long hours invested by everyone involved with the Kentucky athletics program. College athletes should not be paid, because they are simply exchanging their talents for a free college education. Essentially they are already being paid because they get everything provided for them. The experience of a college athlete is similar to that of an internship with no expense to the athlete. They attend school at no cost, w hile simultaneously being afforded with the best accommodations atRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid1494 Words   |  6 PagesAthletes suit up and perform on a daily and weekly basis. Week in and week out, athletes draw in thousands and thousands of fans to speculate the flashy performance. They give the best effort, putting themselves at risk, doing anything possible to insure a victory. Players spend hours of hard work and dedication to perform the best they can. Through the dedication and performance of these athletes, speculations have aroused that athletes should begin to receive pay. Some people believe that collegiateRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid Than Athletes1131 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional athletes are making too much money in a society where salaries and wages are traditionally based on the value of ones work (Professional Athletes†). In today s society, one is not actually paid more based on the economic importance of their occupation. Instead, thos e involved in the entertainment industry get paid larger salaries than those shaping the future. In the 1996 basketball season, Michael Jordan made 170,000 dollars a day, whereas an average teacher will only collect 40Read MoreShould Athletes Be Paid4247 Words   |  17 PagesShould College Athletes Be Paid George McCray Research and Writing Professor Pittell Strayer University Corruption, scandals, suspensions, firings and a systems that is systematically flawed all the while the fact of the matter is that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a organization that is bringing in billions of dollars each year yet the labor force generating the money gets a scholarship that many athletes believe doesn’t pay enough for everything that is neededRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid2161 Words   |  9 PagesProfessional athletes in the United States are given extremely substantial contracts and lucrative endorsement deals and it has been argued that their salaries should be reduced to smaller wages but others say they are paid accordingly. The argument that athletes are overpaid not only exists in the United States but also all over the world. Most countries however do not have the variety of major sports that the U.S. has. When athletes are being paid millions of dollars each year, it raises anRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be P aid?. Athletes Believe1296 Words   |  6 Pages College athletes should not be paid? Athletes believe that just because they have played in a sport, they should be treated like royalty Every year, multiple colleges give out scholarships to college athletes in high school and in college. Before signing an athlete from a university, they should look more into their GPA and not their performance in a sport. It is not fair to pay college athletes, especially if they are the most valuable player on the team. Paying a college athlete would just makeRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1591 Words   |  7 PagesEducation Is Already Enough For College Athletes More and more it’s discussed daily on whether if college athletes should finally be paid, or remain unpaid, this topic is very important because college sports are very popular in the United States. College athletes should remain unpaid because it wouldn’t be fair to the other less watch sports that don’t bring in a lot of revenue, it wouldn’t be fair to the female athletes they wouldn’t be paid equally, college athletes already have advantages and receiveRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesand tears college athletes shed day in and day out on the field, court, and track without any compensation for their hard work; even with the fact that college sports brings in a lot of revenue for universities. Also these athletes are not only athletes but students meaning they have to keep a certain grade point average to play. 1 College athletes deserve to be paid since they bring in the most money for universities, th eir hard work and having to balance being a student-athlete. Close Panel

The Issue Of Drugs, And How They Run Massive Intercity...

The issue of drugs, and how they run massive intercity trade throughout the world, has no doubt been a long established practice for many organized crime fellowships; and an equally established battle for law enforcement agencies attempting to control it in America’s youth. There have been several human right debates on whether the most auspicious way to reduce crime-related drug deaths and arrests is to view the issue as a criminal matter or a health matter, especially in the youth of America. While no one thinks drug addiction is a good thing, more and more people are starting to think that the war on drugs — a war that costs United States taxpayers $51 billion per year — needs a fresh approach. Since President Nixon deemed drug abuse as†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, 76 percent of the study’s participants think that those convicted of possessing small amounts (a few ounces or less) of marijuana should receive no jail time/community service, and 63 percent stated that they were glad some states had scrapped the idea of mandatory sentences for nonviolent drug offenders altogether. This social issue is consistently at the forefront of American current events/debates. â€Å"The public is definitely pretty far ahead of politicians,† Jag Davies, publications manager at the advocacy group Drug Policy Alliance, told Al Jazeera upon the study’s release. â€Å"Elected officials have been so scared for so long, but they’re starting to realize it’s to their benefit to reevaluate (their policies).† Attorney General Loretta Lynch is presently championing a proposal that would, both, reduce federal prison sentences for drug dealers under 25 and another that would eliminate mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent adolescent drug offenses. Part of this push comes from budgetary woes, naturally, but also concerns over civil rights. According to the NAACP, while five times as many white American teens report using illicit drugs compared to black American teens, members of the latter group are sent to prison for

Strategic Management in a Global Context

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management in a Global Context. Answer: 1. Porters Five Forces Model of Airline Industry- Threats of New Entrants: Huge capital investment is required to enter the airline industry. Moreover, it also requires sophisticated knowledge and expertise in this industry, which is a limit. This implies that there is weak force of threats from the new entrants. Threats of Substitutes: There are other substitutes for transportation that can be easily obtained, like, train; ship; bus; car etc. However, the time taken and distance coverage by the airplane is a major advantage. Hence, though there is availability of substitute transport but the force is not strong. Bargaining Power of Supplier: Aircraft; Fuel and labor are the major inputs of the airline industry. All of these are affected by external environment and the power of the suppliers of this industry is immense. Bargaining Power of Buyer: The power of the buyers or fliers is moderately high, because of entry of low cost carrier and they have options to book tickets through multiple channels. Intensity of Rivalry: Airline industry faces extreme challenges as there are many airline companies and low cost carriers; those are engaged in price war. They compete with each other in terms of safety measures and services provided to the consumers. 2. Political Environment Political factor highlights security measure in manufacturing of Automobile and the features of the product. Laws and regulations around environmental measures are also stringent in United States. Economical Environment: Growth of the country; disposable income; unemployment rate are the major economical factor that affect the Automobile industry. Social Environment: Changes in buying pattern or changes in consumers preference affect the industry. Demographics also affect the choice of cars in this sector. Technological Environment: R D Activity in United States in rapidly growing and new technologies are innovating frequently. Eco-friendly technology of production and waste reduced by the vehicles, leads the industry towards more sustainability. Political Environment is the major factor that influences the automobile industry in US. The regulations are being imposed on pollution or waste generated in this industry. Moreover, the government has also imposed safety measures in the vehicles produced in this sector. This regulation will make the companies more concern about the penalties; however, over the years these restrictions are to be more stringent. 3. The firms are affected by three levels of external environments, such as, remote environment; industry environment; operating environment. The firms are affected related to the remote or broader environment through economic; social; political and technological factors. Industry environment affects the firm by barriers for the entry; power of the buyers; power of the suppliers; threat from substitute goods and competitive rivalry. The firm is related to the operating environment through customers; competitors; creditors; suppliers; government agencies; communities; activist group and labors. In the operational environment, the customer; suppliers and competitors are the major stakeholders. This is because, these stakeholders are mostly affected due to any external uncertainty affects the company. 4. When the resource endowment of the firm is similar and market needs served by the company is also similar, then it indicates that the company is Direct competitor. It also implies that identical goods are being produced and are sold in the same market. Potential entrants are often not considered while identifying the competitors. Moreover, misleading signals can often divert focus from the competitors. Another mistake is that the challenges faced by the competitors might be different from own company. Four Corners Analysis can be used to identify the direct competitors. By identifying the financials goals, organizational structure, networks of the business, marketing strategy; it can be said whether the company is direct competitors or not. 5. If the firm has sufficient capital to invest for setting up new business and it already has potential customer base, then the firm will be considered as potential entrants in the industry. If there is availability of similar kind of goods or even identical goods, then we consider that good to be substitute of the other good. If the consumers shifts to buy the same product from different company or due to price rise they substitute that good with other good, then the competing product is a substitute. 6. Environmental determinism refers that physical environment affects the social and cultural development. Especially, the climate and the terrain are major determinants. The performance of an organization also depends on environmental determinism. Strategic choice involves identification and evaluation of alternatives that leads to choice. It helps the organization to achieve their targets. There are three approach in making strategic choice, like, planned approach; enforced choice approach; Experiencebased approach and Command approach. Stakeholder approach of a business recognizes the stakeholders of the company and frames a model. In this approach, the it decided who or what really counts. The stakeholders are affected by the performance of the firm. It combines market based and resource based view. The employees; consumers; suppliers; government are major stakeholders and sometimes competitors are also counted as shareholders. Strategic Enactment is an alternate approach to the strategic choice. It provides explanations in order to make strategy from that of strategic choice. Enactment theory is a process where people achieve continuity and coordination. Enactment helps in identifying the organizational structure. Adaptation refers to the extent to which the organization adjusts and modifies according to the change in the environment of the business. 7. The resource-based view is strategic approach of competitive advantage. In order to transform a short-term competitive advantage into long term sustainability, the firm require resource. The resource-based view includes identifying potential resources and deriving strategy in order to apply them in order to create synergy. If the resources are rare; valuable; inimitable and no substitutable, then the strategy can achieve competitive advantage. 8. The strategy of Blue Ocean incorporates four principles: creating uncontested market space; making the competition irrelevant; creating and capture new demand and breaking the value-cost trade off. The Blue Ocean theory opposes Porters Five forces model that enables the business to determine how to compete best in the existing marketplace. According to the Porters five forces, they wants to compete in the challenging market, whereas, the Blue Ocean theory prefer to develop a new market for a completely new product in order to avoid the competition. Murray, the proponent of Blue Ocean encourages the company to focus less on the competitors and focus more on alternatives. Similarly, according to this theory focus should be on current consumers should be less and more emphasis should be given on potential customers. In contrast, the Porters Five forces model identifies the power of the existing supplier; buyers; competitors; threats of new entrants and substitutes; in order to handle these challenges. 9. Porters generic strategy has three strategies in order to attain competitive advantage. They are, cost leadership; differentiation and focus. Cost leadership strategy aims to attain increase profits by cutting cost of production and charge industry-level price. Through charging lower prices, the company can improve market share. The limitation of this strategy is that, new advanced technology may not be applied in the organization. This is because; advance technologies require huge investment and push the price in the upward direction. Differentiation strategy aims to make different products those are more attractive than those of the competitors are. Through RD; innovation and offering high quality product can be differentiated. The limitations of this strategy are imitation, because if other business steals the strategy or product then the consumers will also be shifted to other company. By implementing Focus strategy, the company concentrates on niche markets by understanding the dynamics of the market and the customers. The limitation of this strategy is that it is not enough to focus on a small segment as the capacity of the company will be too small to serve in the broader market. 10. SWOT Analysis of Tesco Plc. in UK Strengths Weaknesses Largest Retail Company in the world Range of Products Clubcard facility to the customers Internet shopping facility Global operations Strong brand value Depends mostly on UK and Europe market High transport cost Bad debt from credit cards Loss of brand value due to commercial income scandal in 2015 Opportunities Threats Increase in the product diversification Expanding in the international market Involving more in the financial sector Own brands of digital entertainment Dependency of customers on online shopping Strategic alliance with many companies Growing competitors in UK market and in international market Takeover of ASDA by Wal-Mart Currency fluctuation Loss of employee morale Customer intolerance of out-of-town shops 11. An organizations options for growth are listed as follows: Diversification through Product development Modernization Partnership/ Merger and Acquisitions/ Joint Venture Foreign Collaboration Expansion Example of company external growth strategy: Microsofts acquisition of Nokia Example of company internal growth strategy: Samsungs diversification (from television to Smartphone and to other home appliances). 12. When approaching the market place with a differentiation strategy based upon speed, this implies that speed of services has to be improved. In such case, the supporting activity like technology development will become primary activity. In addition to this, more labor will be required, indicating human resource management being another primary activity. To differentiate the products in terms of speed, the distribution and outbound logistic must be improved in the value chain. 13. In the stage of introduction of a product, the competitive strategy of a firm will be to promote by advertising method in order to develop a market for product. In the growth stage, the firm takes measures to build brand value and through different strategic implementation, it tries to capture major market share. In the maturity phase of the product cycle, the objective of the competitive strategy will be to attain maximum profit. In the stage of decline of the product, the firms may choose several strategies, for example, if sale of a product is declining in the market, the firm may select another market and will expand its business. In the declining stage a common strategy of the firm is to diversify its production, i.e. it will now focus on developing different items. 14. The market fails when the transaction costs are too high to persuade a company to produce goods and services in-house instead of purchasing it in the open market. By the term taper integration, it is meant that when a firm produces part of its requirement within its domain and buys rest of the things it required from the open market. When a firm does not hold 100% of the adjacent business units in the supply chain, then it is known as quasi integration. The firms themselves do not produce all goods of services required for its final production. Instead, it tries to reduce cost at different parts of production. They violate the principle of market failure in order to ensure better flow across the supply chain and better control over the operations. Thus, the company pursues taper integration and buys some of its required ingredients from outsiders 15. The functional level strategy must be consistent within the function; between function and with the generic-level strategy. This strategy helps to achieve corporate and business unit objectives by maximizing the productivity and resource. It is important that the functional strategies be reviewed periodically in order to be consistent with the business level strategy and supportive of corporate level strategy as well. One functional strategy must be consistent with the other functional strategy. It must be consistent with the capabilities in order to design higher-level strategies. The functional level strategies must also be consistent with the manufacturing; delivering of products or services as it coordinates various functional and operations. In short, it can be said that functional level strategy must help the organization to achieve its objectives on the business and corporate level. 16. Concurrent control is engagement in the current process. This incorporates the control or regulation of ongoing process. The observation or the monitoring of the system is made in real time while engaging in the process. It requires understanding specific tasks involved in the process and the relationship. The concurrent controls start with standards and all activity of the employee is evaluated against the standards. Products and services are checked and concurrent controls make sure that the highest quality goods and services are produced. The process control controls that are associated with the production and service process. it also deals with the quality of services. By implementing this control, it can be ensured whether the products are meeting specifications or not. Process control also ensures that progress and success continues at every stage of production. In the strategic management, customer survey is one of the major tools of the strategic control. It is important because; customers satisfaction provides the entrepreneurs and the marketers an idea that they can improve further and their strategy is in the right direction. It measures how well is the customers satisfaction standard. 17. Finance strategy provides capital structure and funds. Human resource strategy improves the number of hiring; reduces hiring cost. However, these are account-based measures. The measures can be manipulated. Therefore, the control cannot be implemented based on the numerical values of the companys performance. Therefore, by market-based measures are preferred by the executives to mitigate the problem of account-based measures as control. This measure is not limited to the single aspect of firm performance. 18. There are three types of concentration strategies, market penetration; product development and market development. In this strategy, the business focuses on a single product and market. This strategy enables the company to invest more resources in production and marketing in the particular area that it wants to develop. The benefit of this strategy is to create reputation within market and loyalty among the customers. However, the disadvantage of this strategy is that, the preference of the customers often changes due to innovation of technology, which makes the product obsolete. Moreover, the economic degradation might cause failure of this strategy because of focusing on single aspect. The integration facilitates the continuous alliance of different business strategies. The benefit of this strategy is to improve the overall competitiveness and productivity through its efficiency and reduce costs all over the supply chain. In addition to this, it differentiates the business from its rivals by specializing in highly competitive assets. The major disadvantage of integration strategy is that, to have enough supply for downstream operations excess upstream capacity needs to be established, which lead to hit back from the previous suppliers. Integration makes raw materials scarce; thus creating barriers to entry in the market. this limit the competition. By adopting diversification strategy, the company enters into the new market or industry by creating new product for that market. The more the business is diversified the more will be the customer base. This will lead the company to the path of fast growth. By diversifying the per unit production cost will also decrease. Hence, it increases profits and cash flow of the company. The disadvantage of this strategy is that lack of expertise in totally unrelated field of diversification. Moreover, it requires additional infrastructure; employee training that leads to increase in total cost of the company. Example of firm with concentration strategy: Cocacola Example of firm with integration strategy: Starbucks various suppliers Example of firm with diversification strategy: Samsung

Platos Phaedo Essays (577 words) - Socratic Dialogues,

Plato's Phaedo In Plato's Phaedo, Socrates is explaining to his friends that the acquiring knowledge comes from a recollection of things from a previous life. Socrates uses this as a way to comfort his friends. Based on this, according to Socrates, if a human being can learn anything, they must have known something about what it is they are learning about. If a human being has known something without having been taught it (in this life), they must have learned it before their birth. If the soul existed prior to birth it stands to reason that it survives death, and thus Socrates' friends have no cause for grief. This prior knowledge is triggered into consciousness by sensory input. Plato is trying to work beyond a two-fold paradox. Namely, if a human being does not know something, they cannot learn it since they know nothing about it. If, on the other hand, a person knows it, they do not need to learn it. When Crito asks Socrates how he wishes to be buried when he dies, this is a mistake because it shows his lack of understanding. Crito's lack of understanding lies in the fact the he doesn't understand how the soul survives the body at death, and in fact Socrates will still in actuality be alive. By making this mistake, according to Socrates, he Crito is harming the soul. If Crito were in understanding of this, he would not have asked Socrates about burying his body, because Socrates is not merely a body, but rather the body is a casing for the spirit and who he is. Socrates does not take Crito's question seriously because to Socrates the body is not the basis of who he is. To Socrates, the fact that his body is going to die does not mean he will be dead. In fact, his soul will go on, be born in a different body, and go back to learning what the soul seeks to know. Socrates wants Crito to know that he will not be burying him, but instead just his body. Socrates is justified in his response to Crito's question because Crito's question goes against everything that Socrates says and stands for. I think that Socrates is upset with Crito for being so ignorant. He shows this by laughing at Crito for his question. He also shows this by telling the others that Crito only sees him as the body he will be burying, rather that the person talking to them. When it came time for Socrates to drink the poison, Crito again shows his lack of understanding by asking Socrates to wait awhile before taking it. Crito wants Socrates to try and enjoy the last bit of life that he can enjoy. Socrates again puts Crito in his place by saying that any human being would do this, but it is not right for Socrates. Socrates does not want to appear ridiculous for clinging to life when there is none left. Overall Socrates is trying to tell human beings that life is nothing more than an opportunity for the soul to learn what it is in search for. The human body is nothing more than an instrument for the soul to use. A person should not fear or run from death, but rather look at it as a chance for the soul to move on to something else and to another chance to learn more based on what was already learned

Frankenstein Essays

Frankenstein Essays Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein Essay ‘Victor Frankenstein is justly punished for his blatant interference in the natural process of life. It is a clear case of science and ethical responsibility being abused To what extent do you agree with this assertion? Support with close textual reference Frankenstein’s instinctual lust for knowledge and mechanical love for the human anatomy drives his interference in the natural process of life. This interference is harshly ramified within Shelley’s novel through specific characterisations and reference. Frankensteins clear defiance and interference in the natural mechanics was a case of science and ethical responsibility being abused. Shelley’s explicit writing style and emphasis on the consequences which Frankenstein faced, highlights her ideas and concerns about the instinctive line separating science and ethical responsibility. â€Å"How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to perform? † Frankenstein’s ambitious and hypnotised state of mind leads him to the creation of his ‘monster’. His efforts, however, are undercut by his creations grotesque appearance. Frankensteins monster was not a product of collaborative scientific effort but of dark, supernatural workings. The appearance of the monster and ultimate rejection by Frankenstein emphasises Shelley’s concerns about the extent of where science can go before it’s considered unethical or immoral. Frankenstein changes over the course of the novel from an innocent youth fascinated by the prospects of science, into a disillusioned, guilt-ridden man determined to destroy the fruits of his arrogant scientific endeavor. : In creating a being, Frankenstein was aware that the outcome of this beings physce or appearance could not be articulated or formulated. Shelley emphasises Natures inability to be formulated and it’s essence of beauty and tranquility and juxtaposes this with the ugliness of the Monsters physical appearance. â€Å"The cup of life was poisoned forever† This powerful analogy distinctively relates to this permanent change once structure has been interrupted. The soul binding effect on Creator and Creation is embedded within the underlying text of the novel and is at the forefront of its meaning. Once Frankenstein created this living entity he has an instinctive connection to it. The way in which Frankenstein rejected his creation and unremorseful in his allegations of its being amplified Frankenstein’s disappointment of his work. The cup being poisoned forever relates to the burden in which his creation has not only on Frankensteins life, but the natural voice of humanity. His creation doesn’t only provide inconvenience and suffering to his life, but ultimately this knowledge and creation could affect the mechanics of humanity’s progression. I am alone and miserable; man will not associate with me Frankenstein’s monster is ultimately burdened with his grotesque appearance due to his creator’s flaws. Frankenstein not only has felt the burden of his creation but the monster himself has been alienated and isolated from humanity. Frankensteins interruption of the natural processes of life has not only affected him, but ultimately his creation. Frankenstein’s monster feels worthless due to his physical appearance, which really doesn’t bring to justice his natural benevolence and child-like curiosity within his workings. William, Justine, and Henry-they all died by my hands. Frankensteins eventual ultimatum that he had caused the death of his loved ones provides another shift of physce within his character. His emotionless and lobotomised state of mind has driven his character to this obsession of knowledge and natural process. The death of his family is a metaphor for a greater idea of Shelleyâ₠¬â„¢s. Frankensteins journey was ramified by numerous consequences, fatality, morbidity and ultimately his death. Retrospectively, this is only on small scale compared to the progressing image of this ethical responsibility and science dispute, which was coming to light in the 19th Century. Shelley presents devastating consequences for Victor Frankenstein’s over indulgence in the journey of knowledge and the blatant interruption in the natural process of life. Fatality, Morbidity and his ultimate death provide blows of warning and concern throughout her novel. Written by Adam Cuthbertson (A)

Regarding Teslas direct to consumer expansion into China via opening PowerPoint Presentation

Regarding Teslas direct to consumer expansion into China via opening 12 new stores - PowerPoint Presentation Example We shall be using search research instruments like questionnaires which will have clearly defined questions. Other tools of collecting data to be applied include observation. All areas of the study will be defined before the collection of data. If we are successful the study will be able to copied or proven by future researchers. As well, it can be used to foretell future outcomes and investigate causal outcomes. According to University of Southern California Online Library for a research paper to be effective there are some rules that need following. For starters, the methodology must be reliable so that its results are not questioned. Secondly, it is imperative that readers be aware of how data being presented to them was gathered. This will give them confidence in knowing that the data is varied. A researcher must justify why they chose one methodology over another (libguides.usc.edu) Accepted standards of data collection must be applied if a methodology such as a questionnaire is used this is to make sure that the respondents were given ample time and space to answer. In deciding the research method it’s important to keep the end goal in mind this will help determine factors such as sample size. Problems incurred in the period of data collection must be accessed and with this the outcome of the final project

Economic Portfolio - Development economics Essay

Economic Portfolio - Development economics - Essay Example rris, director of the Microcredit Summit Campaign, reports in The State of the Microcredit Summit Campaign Report 2006 that in the autumn of 2006, 3,133 microfinance institutions served 113 million families during the previous year. While that is a laudable accomplishment, more than 500 million families that would almost certainly benefit from microcredit remain impoverished, and at least another 300 million more might benefit from it. According to our best calculations, we estimate that only one out of every eight people who could benefit from microcredit currently has access to it. As a weapon to fight poverty, microcredit is as vital as education, health, human rights, and good government and yet, as Richard Weingarten, executive secretary of the UN Capital Development Fund, says, â€Å"The demand for microfinance services remains largely unmet, especially in Africa.† Less than 1% of World Bank funding goes to microcredit. So, why does microcredit work so well in developing countries? The reason is the economies of developing countries are different from those of developed countries, often operating on a microscale, compared to the economies of the developed world. What may at first appear to tourists as a flea market when visiting a developing country is in fact the community’s version of a mega-mall where all exchanges of goods are in cash. In place of massproduced name-brands, the market sells homegrown produce, household goods in small quantities, such as single bars of soap or a few squares of toilet paper, and clothing – much of it locally produced – plus a limited assortment of small luxuries that only a few shoppers can afford. Many of the vendors work from dawn to dusk for incomes that, without a little credit, often do not meet their families’ basic needs. Every financial transaction has to be completed in cash, there are no banks or alternative sources for loans and no other access to financial services. A savings account is cash under the

Sample Management Essay Essay Example for Free

Sample Management Essay Essay The major change in an organization consists in inclination towards customization versus standardization. As competitiveness grows, more rivals want to obtain bigger market shares. This way, customization becomes a very powerful tool that attracts customers much. In such an approach, managers have to take into account not customers’ needs and wants, as they used to before, but rather they should consider each customer separately. Of course, there are organizations that have to work for every customer individually, like advertising agencies, or barber’s shops, they literary cannot provide one and the same good or service for all customers, their business would then become unprofitable. Such kinds of organizations do not count. Great example of the ones that do count would be companies that produce clothes. Nike, as well as Levi’s has changed their approach tremendously over last years. Their intrinsic life of organization has been altered by the consumers’ demand of customized tangible goods. As a result, managers’ function has also been changed and has become more customer-driven. Prominent examples of customization were evident when both of the listed above companies offered unique services for every customer. One can observe at their website that every customer can pick his own color for shoes, not choose out from the offered list, and then have his name or unique id written on the side of each shoe. Another change that most of the organizations, as well as managers, experience is the change of the organizational structure. Since the primary tasks of an organization change, as discussed above, inner structure of the company also has to be changed, and that is where managers must perform the best they can. In order to manage employees properly, the basic step they have to implement is pick the most appropriate theory of organization, the model that suits their companies the most. This is usually not an easy task because one might consider contingency theory to be the most appropriate, while actually the best model in the situation would be systems theory. Furthermore, management theorists have developed another organizational theory that a manager would be likely to choose in today’s extremely competitive business world, and that is chaos theory, which is mostly on the natural randomness and chaos, or as it is often referred to enthropy. Bibliography 1. Burke, Warner. (2002). Organization Change: Theory and Practice. SAGE publications. 2. Davidson, Jeff. (2001). The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Change Management. Alpha Books.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

A struggle is present in every tragedy, as a person tries to overcome their flaws and fit the mold of their ideal. William Shakespeare plainly defined a good man in the play "Macbeth". This goal by it's definition is a difficult one for any man to achieve. Prudence and logic, temperance and patients, as well as the vindication of honor are Shakespeare's defining characteristics of a good man.As with any well written tragedy, Macbeth's title character and hero had to fall from his place of greatness to see his faults and begin his agonizing climb back to his previous position. His position, that of a good man, was one that demanded respect in the beginning of "Macbeth". The Sergeant described Macbeth's honor and bravery to king Duncan in act I, scene 2."For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel,Which smoked with bloody execution,Like valour's minion carved out his passageTill he faced the slave;..."Macbeth defended his king's honor as well as his own, as Shakespeare showed a good man never backed down from a foe.In the later acts of the play, Shakespeare furthered the definition of a good man by portraying what a bad one was not. In Macbeth's darkest hours, he showed no sign of prudence and logic as he slayed king Duncan, and hired assassins to murder his friend Banquo. Macbeth displayed his temerity in act IV scene 1 saying,"...from this momentThe very firstlings of my heart shall beThe firstlings of my hand. And even now,To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done;..."Macbeth was no longer the logical, thinking man whom many admired. He had become reckless, acting with only his passion and not his mind. The tragedy of the murders he brought on fair Scotland was a direct result of this violation of the criterion of a good man.The most apparent flaw, and perhaps the most tragic in Macbeth's character, is his lack of patients and temperance. These shortcomings haunted Macbeth, causing him to let his "overvaulting ambition" rush fate, and hasten his doom. Macbeth could not wait for an appointment to a position of more power. Instead, he murdered the king to take his place. Opting not to wait to see if Banquo would be loyal to him, Macbeth had his companion murdered. His impatience led Macbeth to listen to his wife, the witches, and his darker side. Macbeth :: essays research papers A struggle is present in every tragedy, as a person tries to overcome their flaws and fit the mold of their ideal. William Shakespeare plainly defined a good man in the play "Macbeth". This goal by it's definition is a difficult one for any man to achieve. Prudence and logic, temperance and patients, as well as the vindication of honor are Shakespeare's defining characteristics of a good man.As with any well written tragedy, Macbeth's title character and hero had to fall from his place of greatness to see his faults and begin his agonizing climb back to his previous position. His position, that of a good man, was one that demanded respect in the beginning of "Macbeth". The Sergeant described Macbeth's honor and bravery to king Duncan in act I, scene 2."For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel,Which smoked with bloody execution,Like valour's minion carved out his passageTill he faced the slave;..."Macbeth defended his king's honor as well as his own, as Shakespeare showed a good man never backed down from a foe.In the later acts of the play, Shakespeare furthered the definition of a good man by portraying what a bad one was not. In Macbeth's darkest hours, he showed no sign of prudence and logic as he slayed king Duncan, and hired assassins to murder his friend Banquo. Macbeth displayed his temerity in act IV scene 1 saying,"...from this momentThe very firstlings of my heart shall beThe firstlings of my hand. And even now,To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done;..."Macbeth was no longer the logical, thinking man whom many admired. He had become reckless, acting with only his passion and not his mind. The tragedy of the murders he brought on fair Scotland was a direct result of this violation of the criterion of a good man.The most apparent flaw, and perhaps the most tragic in Macbeth's character, is his lack of patients and temperance. These shortcomings haunted Macbeth, causing him to let his "overvaulting ambition" rush fate, and hasten his doom. Macbeth could not wait for an appointment to a position of more power. Instead, he murdered the king to take his place. Opting not to wait to see if Banquo would be loyal to him, Macbeth had his companion murdered. His impatience led Macbeth to listen to his wife, the witches, and his darker side.

Athenian democracy Essay

Due to experiencing the volatile state of the Athenian government, it is not surprising that Socrates had much to say on the topic of political philosophy. Central to his political theory was his position on how citizens ought to approach ethics and politics. In the Apology, Socrates’ conduct demonstrates his belief that citizens must not be complacent when it comes to political virtue. In order to push citizens out of complacency, Socrates used a method called the â€Å"elecnhus† to prod citizens to discover the true definition of virtues (Jowett, 2009). In doing this, Socrates hoped to promote a rigorous understanding of traditional moral virtues; an understanding of what courage, justice, and wisdom, truly meant (Jowett, 2009). At first glance, it seems that Socrates is promoting the appreciation of the traditional virtues, and is therefore a conservative. On the contrary, I will argue that Socrates’ conservative rationale serves only as a diversion from his radical intentions. In defending this statement, I will first outline Socrates’ conduct and motives in the Apology. Second, I will present the argument for how this behaviour can be interpreted as being conservative using narratives from Crito and The Republic. Lastly, I will argue why this behaviour instead demonstrates that Socrates was a radical. In the Apology, Plato provides a narrative of Socrates’ defence for using the elenchus, an exhaustive questioning method, to stir the position of Athenian citizens on traditional values (Jowett, 2009). Derived from various arguments in The Apology, Crito, and The Republic, it can be found that Socrates had two motives for his conduct. The first motive stems from his notion of benefit in the spiritual realm, which is derived from his theory of virtue. He held that the best life for humans is a life of virtue, and a life of virtue entailed striving to comprehend the true essence of values (Jowett, 2009). The practice of valuing true knowledge was seen to be intrinsically good for citizens, for it adhered to the success of the human soul (Jowett, 2009). Further, Socrates held that evil in this context was the ignorance of the intrinsic worth of the traditional values, and complacency when it comes to abiding by such values (Jowett, 2009). Therefore, Socrates’ first motive for using the elenchus method to stir his fellow citizens, was so that they could abandon their ignorance and begin to obey the true nature of human life, that is a life and soul of virtue (Jowett, 2009). By doing this, citizens would adhere to the true meaning behind traditional values. The second motive stems from his notion of benefit in the worldly realm, derived from his theory on laws. When it came to justice, there were multiple versions of what acting justice entailed. For instance, according to Cephalus, it was to honour your obligation to the city (Plato, 1974, 674). For Polemarchus it was reward and punishment to those who rightfully deserved it (Plato, 1974, 676). However, the orthodox versions of justice was that it involved simply adhering to the laws (Plato, 1974, 687). While this does contribute to a just social arrangement, in that everyone performs the role appropriate to them, it does not address the matters of ethics and law. On that matter, Socrates observed that simply obeying these laws did not automatically entail that the person was acting just, this is because laws are vulnerable to being unjust (Plato, 1974, 701). This introduced a concept that there exists an essence of justice, such that â€Å"there is an essential nature of justice and injustice and what a perfectly just and perfectly unjust man would be like (Plato, 1964, 472b). Without knowledge of the essence of justice, individuals would only be acting just by coincidence, for they would not be able to determine whether their actions were just or not (Plato, 1964, 458a). Contributing to this argument, Socrates saw that laws, and everything else in the physical world, were malleable (Plato, 1974, 98, 505c). This meant that the laws were defined by whomever was in power at the time; in democracy it was the majority, and in tyranny it was the tyrant. Therefore, Socrates held that it was necessary for citizens themselves to comprehend the essence of justice so that they could avoid being slaves to those who managed to hold legal influence at the time (Plato, 1974, 98, 505c). Such that those who held legal influence may be blind towards the â€Å"good† or essence of justice (Plato, 1974, 98, 505c). Therefore, Socrates’ second motivation for using the elenchus was in order to promote the valuing of justice, and other traditional values, in hopes that Athenian citizens could identify for themselves the things which adhere to the essence of these values. Accordingly, with these two motives in mind, Socrates engaged with the citizens of Athens, invoking them to question the traditional Greek values. His mission was to give birth in them a desire to understand the true essence of values, and then to be able to recognize it in the physical world. In response to such conduct, Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth, and questioning Greek life, giving rise to the context in The Apology. From the perspective of the Athenian jury, based on his charges, it appeared that Socrates’ conduct was radical. For the second part of this essay, by using his two motives as a reference, I will now explore the various arguments for why Socrates’ was not a radical, but instead a conservative. For the purpose of this essay, I will hold that the definition of conservative means the preservation of traditional values. Based on his first motive, in order to encourage citizens to abandon their ignorance and begin to virtuously appreciate the traditional Greek value, Socrates openly admitted that he had to push citizens to challenge and question these values (Jowett, 2009). It was seen as radical because such questioning of traditional values was seen as insulting and violating these same values (Jowett, 2009). While this may be seen as radicalism, it is clear that this is not the case when Socrates’ concept of the spiritual realm and the forms are introduced. Stemming from his theory of values, Socrates believed that all traditional Greek values existed in a pure and absolute form that could only become known through reason (Jowett, 2009). Therefore, the purpose of questioning the traditional values was only in order to stimulate the realization of the true essence of these values. Socrates believed that by doing so, it was the ultimate act of respect to traditional moral values, and the first motive can thus be interpreted as conservative. However, the questioning of traditional values ultimately entailed the questioning of Athenian laws. While this also may be seen as radicalism, it is clear that this is not the case when Socrates’ distinguishes the difference between the worldly realm and the spiritual realm. Socrates believed that all traditional Greek values were embodied in a universal law within the spiritual realm, that is above the malleable Athenian law which existed in the physical realm. While Socrates respected and abided by the Athenian law, he was also critical of the nature of such laws. Socrates explains that, because these Athenian laws were malleable to the distribution of political power, these laws were vulnerable to deviation from the traditional values (Plato, 1974, 98, 505c). By promoting the questioning of Athenian laws, Socrates believed that he was preserving the traditional values in the legal system. This traces back to his previous argument, that justice is not simply obeying the law (Plato, 1974, 701). This serves to show that Socrates’ conduct which encouraged the questioning of Athenian law was not radical, but consistent with conservatism. Another piece of evidence was Socrates’ response to escaping prison, as seen in Critos. Here Socrates is offered help from his friend Critos, to escape his death sentence from the Athenian court, but declines out of his respect for the Athenian law (Gallop, 1997, 36, 45a). This is depicted when Socrates states, â€Å"I cannot now reject the very principles that I previously adopted, †¦ and I respect and honour the same ones I did before† (Gallop, 1997, 36, 46c). Further, Socrates also embraced the â€Å"obey or persuade† principle, where if a person disagrees with the law, they must systemically change it, or accept and obey it (Gallop, 1997, 40, 52a). Therefore, Socrates’ acceptance of his death sentence from the Athenian court is an ultimate submission to preserving the integrity of the justice system. Accordingly, while Socrates was deemed a radical by the Athenian courts for promoting the questioning of traditional values and Athenian law, it could be argued that he was actually a conservative who was promoting the appreciation of these values and reinforcing them in Athenian laws. This is defended by the forfeiting of his life in the name of adhering to the justice system. On the contrary, I will now argue for a different interpretation of these pieces of evidence to show that Socrates was indeed a radical who disguised his intentions under a conservative facade. Radicalism will be treated as the converse of conservativism, which will be defined as promoting political reform and deviation from traditional values. The starting point of this argument is that, while Socrates condemns disobeying the law for it is analogous to disobeying your parents, he does not say it is wrong try to change it (Gallop, 1997, 40, 52a). In alignment with radicalism, Socrates sought to be a catalyst of change change in Athens. Although Socrates claimed to be promoting the appreciation of traditional values, what he actually was doing was promoting a change in the way Athenians appreciated these values. Traditionally, these values were undertaken in order to avoid problems in the physical world (Jowett, 2009). For instance, justice was valued for its ability to maintain order and a functioning society. Socrates promulgated a different reason to pursue traditional values, that is to provide benefit in a spiritual manner (Jowett, 2009). This is reflected in his theory of the soul, where he promoted the discipline of appetite and spirit by reason (Cornford, 1974, 23, 428d). For Socrates, the purpose of disciplining the soul was was to pursue spiritual virtue. This is a deviation in the way traditional values were appreciated in Athens. Rather than moderation of courage being pursued to prevent death from arrogance or shame from cowardice, Socrates held that moderation of courage should be pursued in order to promote a virtuous soul. Therefore, it can be argued that Socrates is advocating a departure from the physical world to the spiritual world, in the attitude by which Athenians ought to engage traditional values. The effect of a departure from the way in which traditional values are engaged, is depicted in his conversation with Crito. While Socrates states that he is forfeiting his life out of respect for the Athenian law, now that we understand his position on the difference in importance between spiritual and worldly values, the message he is sending can be interpreted differently. There are two points that give rise to this new interpretation. The first is that in Socrates’ comparison of harming the soul with harming the body, he states that only the individual himself can harm his own soul (Gallop, 1997, 37, 48a). This meant that only by submitting to unvirtuous behaviour, will an individual tarnish his own soul (Gallop, 1997, 37, 47a). As a result, if Socrates were to escape prison, he would be harming his soul in order to avert physical harm. The second point is that Socrates values the preservation of the soul over the preservation of the body (Gallop, 1997, 37, 47a). This is seen when Socrates questions â€Å"are our lives worth living with a poor or corrupted body? † (Gallop, 1997, 37, 47e). Taking these two points into consideration, it is possible to interpret Socrates’ forfeiting of his life as a mockery of the Athenian legal punishment in order to adhere to his own virtues. The message he is sending is that individuals ought to pursue their interpretation of the traditional values, and in the case where they are punished for it, it will not matter because harming the body is insignificant compared to harming the soul. This is again seen in when he states that we should not fear the opinion of the majority, but should only concern ourselves with the opinion of the expert (Gallop, 1997, 37, 47a). Accordingly, while Socrates was sometimes portrayed as being conservative for promoting the appreciation of traditional values and for forfeiting his life in the name of the justice system, when his theory of the spiritual and physical realm are introduced, two points show that he is not a conservative. The first point is that he is promoting a deviation in the way traditional values are engaged. The second point is that he encourages other citizens to deviate regardless of the physical harm that may be done to them. Based on these two points, I hold that Socrates’ use of the elenchus to stir Athenians out of complacency is radical. In conclusion, Socrates’ use of the elenchus was openly accepted to be motivated by a desire to stir Athenian citizens out of complacency. The question that was the focus of this essay was whether his intentions behind this stirring was conservative, to reinforce and maintain the traditional Greek values, or radical, to stimulate a new approach to values. There was evidence which defended that Socrates was a conservative, however, it was shown that this conservative motive was only a front. Evidently, his conduct and theories suggest that Socrates was more on the side of a radical. Cornford, M. (1974). The republic. New York: Oxford University Press. Gallop, D. (1997). Crito. New York: Oxford University Press. Gallop, D. (1997). The Republic. New York: Oxford University Press. Jowett, B. (2009). Apology. Retrieved from http://classics. mit. edu/Plato/apology. html.

Parental Conflict During Divorce Children Essay

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