Give an account of Jonathan Swift's citique of the'moderns' especially Essay

Give an account of Jonathan Swift's citique of the'moderns' especially as it is expressed in his'Tale of a Tub' (Sect.IX) and 'Gulliver's Travels (Bks III & IV) - Essay Example His satire has intensity and virulence which upset not only his intended targets but till today haunts critics who have at times simply ascribed it to Swift’s predisposition to misanthropy and depression. Though recent critical knowledge has moved away from this view, the perception of Swift as a misanthrope persists. Perhaps the vehemence of Swift’s satire can be attributed in part to the peculiar need felt by eighteenth century thinkers of the immense importance of their times. There is no other way to explain the huge output of satire in the eighteenth century. Daniel Defoe, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, John Dryden, Alexander Pope were some other eighteenth century writers who utilized satire in the various genres of literature. Certainly none troubled the eighteenth century conscience more than Swift himself who uses savage polemic to subdue what was anathema to him. It would be wise to take a look at eighteenth century English history to discover where Swift stood and the causes which drew his ire. The late seventeenth century had seen the vigorous emergence in print of ideas which, to put it simply, sought to foreground humanity without any reference to divinity or society. Foremost and most influential was John Locke who in his essay titled, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) attributed the formation of human knowledge to the influence of external stimuli and experience. He rejected the notion that humans were born with certain innate ideas such as those concerning God, time, substance etc. He famously compared the human mind at birth to a white sheet of paper, a tabula rasa, which depended on experience and sense memory to form knowledge. Science emerged as an exciting new discipline that increasingly became a specialisation, cut off from society. Isaac Newton had published his Principia in 1687. The eighteenth century is therefore also termed as â€Å"The Age of Reason† and the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment†. However this

Physical therapy intervention with a stroke patient Essay Example for Free

Physical therapy intervention with a stroke patient Essay The clinical manifestations of neurologic disease are as varied as the disease processes themselves. Symptoms can be subtle or intense, fluctuating or permanent, an inconvenience or devastating. First clinical manifestation is Pain, it is considered an unpleasant sensory perception and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain is therefore considered multidimensional and entirely subjective. Seizures are the result of abnormal paroxysmal discharges in the cerebral cortex, which then manifest as an alteration in sensation, behavior, movement, perception, or consciousness. The alteration may be short, as in a blank stare lasting only a second, or of longer duration, such as tonic- clonic grand mal seizure that can last several minutes. Dizziness, an abnormal sensation of imbalance or movement. It is fairly common in the elderly and one of the most common complaints encountered by health professionals. Visual Disturbances, visual defects that cause people to seek health care can range from the decreased visual acuity associated with aging to sudden blindness. Weakness, specifically muscle weakness is a common manifestation of CVA. Weakness frequently co exists with other symptoms of disease and can affect a variety of muscles, causing a wide range of disability. Weakness can be sudden and permanent, a sin stroke, or progressive, as in many neuromuscular diseases. Abnormal sensation, numbness, abnormal sensation, or loss of sensation is a manifestation of cerebrovascular accident. Altered sensation can affect small or large areas of the body. It is frequently associated with weakness or pain and is potentially disabling. Both numbness and weakness can significantly affect balance and coordination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of cortical motor integration is carried out by asking the patient to perform a skilled act like asking a patient to throw a ball, move a chair. Successful performance requires the ability to understand the activity desired and normal motor strength. Failure signals cerebral dysfunction. Examining the Motor System, a thorough examination of the motor system includes an assessment of the muscle size, tone and strength, coordination, and balance. The patient is instructed to walk across the room while the examiner observes posture and gait. The muscles are inspected, and palpated if necessary, for their size and symmetry. Resistance and Abnormalities are documented after. Assessing the patient’s ability to flex or extend the extremities against resistance test muscle strength. Once the leg is straightened, it is exceedingly difficult for the examiner to flex the knee. Conversely, if the knee of the patient is flexed and is asked to straighten the leg against resistance, a more subtle disability can be elicited. For example, the right upper extremity is compared to the left upper extremity. In this way, subtle differences in muscle strength can be more easily detected and accurately described. Coordination in the hands and upper extremities is tested by having the patient perform rapid, alternating movements and point-to-point testing. First the patient is instructed to pat his or her thigh as fast as possible with each hand separately. Then the patient is instructed to alternately pronate and supinate the hand as rapidly as possible. The n lastly, the patient is asked to touch each of the fingers with the thumb in a consecutive motion. Speed, symmetry, and degree of difficulty are noted. Coordination in the lower extremities is tested by having the patient run the heel down the anterior surface of the tibia of the other leg. Each leg is tested in turn. The motor reflexes are involuntary contractions of muscles or muscle groups in response to abrupt stretching near the site of the muscle’s insertion. The tendon is struck directly with a reflex hammer or indirectly by striking the examiner’s thumb, which is placed firmly against the tendon. Testing these reflexes enables the examiner to assess involuntary reflex arcs that depend on the presence of afferent stretch receptors, spinal synapses, efferent motor fibers, and a variety of modifying influences from higher levels. Common reflexes that maybe tested include the deep tendon reflexes like biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, patellar, and ankle reflexes and superficial or cutaneous reflexes like abdominal reflexes and plantar or Babinski response.    References: Brunner, K., Suddarith, L. (2003) Medical- Surgical Nursing.   J. G. Ferguson Publishing Company.

The Psychometric Test and the Employee Selection Process Essay examples

The Psychometric Test and the Employee Selection Process Most employers want the ‘perfect fit’ for any position vacant for recruitment. They always tend to want the best man suitable for the job, technically and interpersonally. The common ways of recruiting an employee is by application forms, curriculum vitae, and interviewing sessions. Most candidates are polite at interviews just to put across a good impression to the interviewer. Just interviewing someone is not enough to know if you have the right person for the job. Ability can be relatively easy to assess through interviewing and skills testing. Testing interpersonal skills is another issue. To reduce the risk of hiring the wrong person, the use of psychometric testing has been adopted by more and more organisations to increase the validity and reliability of the recruitment process. Psychometrics is the application of the objective, scientific measurement and mathematics to psychology. It refers top the testing of cognitive of mental functions and personality and the analysis of result. The psychometric test covers a lot of tests used to assess a characters strength or weakness providing accurate profiles of the suitability for a position. â€Å"Psychometric† means measurement of the mind. The Psychometric test is a way of assessing an individual’s ability or personality in a measured and structured way. Also, a psychometric test could be said to be any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory, or intelligence or aptitude as well as personality. Psychometric tests are one measure by which an employer can discriminate against individuals in the selection process. The tests are often presented in a multiple guess form, either paper or electronically based. There are two types of the psychometric test. They include: . Aptitude/Skills Test- This depends on the nature of the job that has been applied for. This type of test could be numerical or verbal reasoning, spatial awareness or diagrammatic reasoning. They are often time constrained. . Personal Questionnaire- this type of test is used to access the certain personal qualities required of the candidate. Psychometric testing does have real value to add to the selection process. However, it is not limited to the recruitment phase. Many organisations have seen the benefit of psychometri... ...ers for the questions. . As the assessment is not a 100% accurate, there may be little or no correlation between the candidate’s answers and the way he carries out the job. In conclusion, Psychometric test is versatile and can be used as an aid for personnel selection and recruitment, career guidance, career development, team building and personal development. Psychometric test is used by a vast number of large and small companies who appreciate its cost effectiveness when compared to the hard soft and human cost of selection errors. Psychometric tests, although a useful selection tool to implement, have many flaws and in order to be valid must be carried out in a strict and controlled manner in order for an organisation to make the right choice when seeking to recruit an individual into an organisational role. Research now shows that, in comparison with selection by normal interviewing techniques, the use of supporting psychometric testing can significantly improve the match between the individuals and the job. The growing use of psychometric testing in selection and assessment has to some extent outpaced the level of sophistication and knowledge.

Historical Background of Chinese Schools in Malaysia

History of Chinese national type school Starting out early in the 19th century, the Chinese society has already made a stand on sustaining their language and culture to the point that they decided to request for their own Chinese national type school. Realizing that this could cause an up stir in racism in Malaysia, still the Chinese society in Malaysia strongly believed in preserving the Chinese language among the Chinese youths.In the beginning, they were asked to give up their properties to be incorporated with the National School system, which for the Chinese caused an uproar but after negotiating a deal was made and they agreed to instead become â€Å"National Type† schools. Through this system, the government could only be in charge of the school curriculum and teaching personal while the buildings still belonged to the schools. During this time, primary schools were allowed to keep Chinese as the medium in the schools and their book but for Secondary schools they were r equired to switch to English-medium schools.More than 60 schools changed to National Type schools, including the famous Chung Ling High School, Penang Chinese Girls School, Jit Sin High School and Ave Maria Convent High School, Sam Tet High School. Even though according to the proposal that most subjects are allowed to use the medium of English, the teaching and learning of Mandrin remained compulsory in these schools, with most of them dedicating at least one seventh to one fifth of their teaching time per week to Mandrin studies.Even with all the compromising the proposal was looked at as almost impossible for a tad of them, making some of some of the Chinese schools turn to become private high schools or Chinese high schools as they were called later on. During the 1960s and 70s this concept slowly turned under the lime light making many of the National Type schools reopen their independent high school branch. The numbers kept increasing to a point where the political situation m ade it difficult to set up additional independent Chinese high schools.There are 60 independent Chinese high schools in Malaysia, including Foon Yew High School which is the largest secondary school in Malaysia with over 7000 students. Foon Yew High School was the first school to object and decline the government’s proposal, as well as the first high school to have a branch campus (located in Kulai) National-type Secondary Schools are called Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary Schools (MICSS) which came into being after the Education Act 1961, determined to use their mother tongue to preserve the Malaysian Chinese culture.In 1973, Dong Jiao Zong formed the MICSS Working Committee, to develop the examination and syllabus of the 60 Independent Schools in Malaysia. The â€Å"Unified Examination started in 1975 and has continued to be run every year since. (UCSCA, page 1) http://www. nst. com. my/latest/chua-to-meet-dpm-over-teacher-shortage-in-chinese-schools-1. 48918# http ://www. teo-education. com/teophotos/albums/userpics/053_Early_Education_in_Malaysia. pdf http://malaysia-today. net/mtcolumns/from-around-the-blogs/34572-why-we-chose-chinese-school-for-our-children- http://educationmalaysia. blogspot. com/2005/06/national-vs-chinese-school-i. html

Review Your Own Role and Responsibilities and Boundaries as a Teacher

The teaching/training cycle is an invaluable model that should inform the practice of any teacher, of any subject. The beauty of it is that it provides a structure so that both teachers and trainers can assess and refresh their practice and, at the same time, review their role, responsibility and boundaries. By following the training cycle, teachers should be able to instill greater understanding of the course that is being taught and to afford students greater enjoyment and satisfaction. At the beginning of the cycle is the assessment. The teacher’s role in this case is that of an assessor and a reviewer. Assessing entails finding out the students’ preparedness in terms of t any learning disabilities heir existing knowledge; their literacy and numeracy level; their preferred learning style any also learning disabilities. This initial assessment will be invaluable for the planning of the course and for catering for all participant students. The initial assessment can take up to three weeks however, some colleges / institutions may interview students before the beginning of the course to ascertain their suitability etc. Irrespective of prior assessment, teachers should do a proper assessment when they meet with their students and continue throughout the teaching cycle. During the assessment process teachers may find a whole host of needs that need to be catered for, or barriers to learning. They could range from physical needs such as disability or dyslexia, to social needs deriving from the inability of interacting with the student community or intellectual stemming from the lack of previous academic experience or from the length of time required to process information, and include cultural needs too, expressed in terms of beliefs and values. In this first stage teachers needs to be sensitive and respectful of the needs of the students who may not wish to divulge information about themselves, which they consider private. At the same time teachers must ensure that confidentiality is kept. Having assessed the class, teachers’ second role is that of a planning according to needs, researching any unknown and organizing timings, material etc. Teaching should meet both students’ needs and course requirements, particularly if leading to an exam. There may already be a syllabus in which case it needs to be adapted or the teacher may need to write a new one. In both cases the learning outcome must be clearly defined so that time, resources and delivery / assessment methods are carefully selected. If courses are leading to a qualification then teacher need to be also aware of the requirements of the awarding body and make sure that all outcomes are reached within the time frame provided. Due consideration should also be given to health and safety. In the third element of the cycle teachers may take on board many roles; from lecturer to mentor, from coach to listener, from assessor to presenter, all the while maintaining their professionalism. This goes from their day to day behaviour to (i. e. ) dressing appropriately and maintaining a distance that allows for trust and respect) to being a good communicator and being prepared for the session. Each lesson should be well planned with a beginning (introduction and objectives), a middle (main body of lecture) and an end (drawing conclusions). Teachers have also the responsibility of keeping records of students and of their own lesson plans and reflections. The delivery of the material should be varied and take into account the number of learners and their learning styles. With the forth role the teacher becomes an assessor but also a marker and a provider of feedback. Teachers should set the assessment in line with the objectives of the course / lesson and make sure that the level is appropriate for the students. Teachers have a great responsibility to monitor the progress of their students throughout the course and also at the end. The assessment methods should be fair and valid for the session and the course. Teachers should also make sure that students are aware of the assessment requirements and that they are ready to meet the criteria. The feedback should be constructive and timely, making sure that any criticism is accompanied by praise. All feedback / assessment should be formally recorded. The last phase of the cycle is the evaluation. In this phase teachers continues to be assessors and reviewers but add an element of research dictated by the need to act upon any changes. Teachers need to review continuously the effectiveness of their teaching both in terms of content, delivery and esources. All teachers should complete an evaluation at the end of each session highlighting strength and weaknesses and areas for development for future sessions. They should also ask students to assess the session(s) verbally or otherwise although students’ achievements should give a good indication of how effective the teaching is. All feedback should be incorporated into the following sessions however, changes should be made only if they benefit the majority of students and if they are in line with the awarding body or the institute’s policy.

Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor

Karl Marx The Estrangement of Labor Throughout Marx’s Philosophical and Economic Manuscript of 1844, the term "estranged labor" is predominate in his theories. But what is â€Å"estranged labor†? In the introduction to the book, the point is brought up that this phrase is one of difficulty when translating the Manuscript from German to English. There is a dispute over whether to use estranged instead of alienated. Both of these terms have similar meanings in that they describe the separation between two or more things or people. However, it is believed that it is more proper to use â€Å"estranged† because alienated leads the reader to believe that the separation was created, in this case, by the laborer. Whereas by definition, estranged means: 1: to remove from customary environment or associations 2: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness (www.m-w.com). and labor: 2: an act or process requiring labor (task) 3: a product of labor (www.m-w.com). Therefore, we can conclude that estranged labor is the removal of the process or product of a labor or task from its natural place in nature. But what does Marx mean by this? To understand what Marx is talking about, we must look back at his dialectic. This part of Marx’s theories derives from two men, Georg Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach. Hegel and Feuerbach were on the opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum. Hegel was an Idealist Philosopher who believed that the human conscience developed separate of the outside world. Feuerbach on the other hand was a Materialist Philosopher who believed that everything was defined by the material world. Marx takes the middle ground here. He states that while it is true that the conscience develops separately and the material world does define much of a society, you cannot have one without the other. Here Marx uses Hegel’s ideas of the thesis and antithesis. Heg... Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor Karl Marx The Estrangement of Labor Throughout Marx’s Philosophical and Economic Manuscript of 1844, the term "estranged labor" is predominate in his theories. But what is â€Å"estranged labor†? In the introduction to the book, the point is brought up that this phrase is one of difficulty when translating the Manuscript from German to English. There is a dispute over whether to use estranged instead of alienated. Both of these terms have similar meanings in that they describe the separation between two or more things or people. However, it is believed that it is more proper to use â€Å"estranged† because alienated leads the reader to believe that the separation was created, in this case, by the laborer. Whereas by definition, estranged means: 1: to remove from customary environment or associations 2: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness (www.m-w.com). and labor: 2: an act or process requiring labor (task) 3: a product of labor (www.m-w.com). Therefore, we can conclude that estranged labor is the removal of the process or product of a labor or task from its natural place in nature. But what does Marx mean by this? To understand what Marx is talking about, we must look back at his dialectic. This part of Marx’s theories derives from two men, Georg Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach. Hegel and Feuerbach were on the opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum. Hegel was an Idealist Philosopher who believed that the human conscience developed separate of the outside world. Feuerbach on the other hand was a Materialist Philosopher who believed that everything was defined by the material world. Marx takes the middle ground here. He states that while it is true that the conscience develops separately and the material world does define much of a society, you cannot have one without the other. Here Marx uses Hegel’s ideas of the thesis and antithesis. Heg...

Pride And Pejudice Essays - Pride And Prejudice, Bennet Family

Pride And Pejudice Essays - Pride And Prejudice, Bennet Family Pride And Pejudice Family Ties In Jane Austen's novel, Pride and Prejudice, she created a realistic family image, by introducing some of the imperfections that many families encounter. The Bennet family, consisting of five daughters, a marriage obsessed mother, and an unhappily married father, contain many of these difficulties. Throughout the love, joy, heartache and pain, which evolved from the series of events the Bennet family encountered, one character in particular, Miss Elizabeth Bennet, viewed her family from another perspective. Elizabeth Bennet, though a very loving and respectable woman, had developed a rather poor opinion of her family: Had Elizabeth's opinion been all drawn from her own family, she could not have formed a very pleasing picture of conjugal felicity or domestic comfort(Pg. 209). As the second daughter of her family, Elizabeth had to deal with the many discomforts of being a daughter of five. Though Elizabeth loved her sisters dearly, she found it difficult not to see the differences between them, and in turn, each of their actions contributed to her perspective of her family. One sister in particular, Miss Lydia Bennet, caused Elizabeth the greatest concern. Lydia was a self-willed and careless(Pg.189) individual that cared only about men and marriage. As one of the youngest sisters, Lydia felt neglected from the opportunities her eldest sisters received. In turn, Lydia became the flirt of the family, causing embarrassment not only to herself, but as well to her family. When Lydia eloped t o London, Elizabeth feared that the source of her behavior was derived from the negative behavior of her parents. Not only did Elizabeth fear for Lydia's sake, she feared as well for her other sister, Catherine, who was under the direct influence of Lydia: Catherine, weak-spirited, irritable, and completely under Lydia's guidance(Pg.189). While supported by their mother's indulgence(Pg.189), the two ignorant, idle, and vain(Pg189) sisters, was a subject that Jane and Elizabeth often united to check the imprudence of Catherine and Lydia.(Pg.189). Besides the poorly thought out actions of Catherine and Lydia, Elizabeth had no problems with her other sister Mary, who mainly kept to herself, and Jane, the eldest sister, whom she shared a very close friendship with. Besides the faults of some of Elizabeth's sisters, one of the biggest faults of their family was the relationship between her father, Mr. Bennet, and her mother, Mrs. Bennet: she had never felt so strongly as now, the disadvantages which must attend the children of so unsuitable a marriage(Pg.210). Though Elizabeth loved her father dearly, she was unable to be blind to the impropriety of her father's behaviour as a husband(Pg.209). Though made up of an odd mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice(Pg.3), he was a man of few words and was clearly unable to make his wife understand his character(Pg.3). In the decade of the Bennets, marriage was clearly seen through beauty and fortune. It became evident, after resentment had settled in, that Mr. Bennet had married for other reasons besides love: Her father captivated by youth and beauty/ had married a woman whose weak understandings and illiberal mind, had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affectio n for her(Pg.209). Mr. Bennet's poor decision making had indeed hurt Elizabeth and impacted her opinion of her family, but by respecting his abilities(Pg.209), and being grateful for his affectionate treatment of herself(Pg.209), Elizabeth knew that her father was a man of good intentions. Besides the impression Mr. Bennet's faults had on Elizabeth, her mother's faults as well, contributed much to Elizabeth's poor opinion. Mrs. Bennet had not made marriage between her and Mr. Bennet any easier as her ignorance and folly had contributed to his amusement(Pg.3). She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper(Pg.3). Elizabeth found it difficult to deal with her mother's improper judgement and nervous behaviour. Mrs. Bennet often over exaggerated small incidents and was very demanding in her ways. As a mother of five daughters, it was acceptable for her to be concerned for her daughters' future. But Mrs. Bennet 's entire business of her life was to get her daughters married(Pg.3). Elizabeth loved her mother and was appreciative of her mother's concerns, but Elizabeth was also not blind to her mother's

MASH TV Show Premiers

MASH TV Show Premiers MASH was an extremely popular TV series, which first aired on CBS on September 17, 1972. Based on the real experiences of a surgeon in the Korean War, the series centered upon the interrelationships, stresses, and trauma involved in being in a MASH unit. MASHs final episode, which aired on February 28, 1983, had the largest audience of any single TV episode in U.S. history. The Book and Movie The concept of the MASH storyline was thought up by Dr. Richard Hornberger. Under the pseudonym Richard Hooker, Dr. Hornberger wrote the book MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors (1968), which was based on his own experiences as a surgeon in the Korean War. In 1970, the book was turned into a movie, also called MASH, which was directed by Robert Altman and starred Donald Sutherland as Hawkeye Pierce and Elliot Gould as Trapper John McIntyre. The MASH TV Show With nearly an entirely new cast, the same MASH characters from the book and movie first appeared on television screens in 1972. This time, Alan Alda played Hawkeye Pierce and Wayne Rogers played Trapper John McIntyre. Rogers, however, didnt like playing a sidekick and left the show at the end of season three. Viewers found out about this change in episode one of season four, when Hawkeye comes back from RR only to discover that Trapper was discharged while he was away; Hawkeye just misses being able to say goodbye. Season four through eleven presented Hawkeye and B.J. Hunnicut (played by Mike Farrell) as being close friends. Another surprising character change also occurred at the end of season three. Lt. Col. Henry Blake (played by McLean Stevenson), who was the head of the MASH unit, gets discharged. After saying a tearful goodbye to the other characters, Blake climbs into a helicopter and flies off. Then, in a surprising turn of events, Radar reports that Blake was shot down over the Sea of Japan. At the beginning of season four, Col. Sherman Potter (played by Harry Morgan) replaced Blake as head of the unit. Other memorable characters included Margaret Hot Lips Houlihan (Loretta Swit), Maxwell Q. Klinger (Jamie Farr), Charles Emerson Winchester III (David Ogden Stiers), Father Mulcahy (William Christopher), and Walter Radar OReilly (Gary Burghoff). The Plot The general plot of MASH revolves around army doctors who are stationed at the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) of the United States Army, located in the village of Uijeongbu, just north of Seoul in South Korea, during the Korean War. Most of the episodes of the MASH television series ran for half an hour and had multiple story lines, often with one being humorous and another being serious. The Final MASH Show Although the real Korean War ran only three years (1950-1953), the MASH series ran for eleven (1972-1983). The MASH show ended at the end of its eleventh season.  Goodbye, Farewell and Amen, the 256th episode aired on February 28, 1983,  showcasing the last days of the Korean War with all the characters going their separate ways. The night it aired, 77 percent of American TV viewers watched the two-and-a-half-hour special, which was the largest audience to ever watch a single episode of a television show. AfterMASH Not wanting  MASH  to end, the three actors who played Colonel Potter, Sergeant Klinger, and Father Mulcahy created a spinoff called  AfterMASH. First airing on September 26, 1983, this half-hour spinoff television show featured these three MASH  characters reuniting after the Korean War at a veterans hospital. Despite starting off strong in its first season,  AfterMASHs  popularity dumped after being  moved to a different time slot during its second season, airing opposite the very popular show  The A-Team. The show was ultimately cancelled just nine episodes into its second season. A spinoff for Radar called  W*A*L*T*E*R  was also considered in July 1984 but was never picked up for a series.

IT utsurcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IT utsurcing - Essay Example Th rsrch bjctivs r t msur th incidnc f utsurcing mng ustrlin firms, idntify th functins utsurcd, th rsns why mngrs cnsidrd utsurcing, th csts nd bnfits f utsurcing, pssibl chngs in mds f nd mtivtins fr utsurcing nd fctrs tht r sscitd with succssful utsurcing rrngmnts. Th ppr is structurd s tht bth thrticl pprch twrd IT utsurcing nd its bnfits nd prcticl implictin nd rcmmndtins fr ustrlin IT utsurcing prtins wr xplrd. Th trms utsurcing nd insurcing d nt cptur th cmplxity f surcing ptins vilbl n th mrkt plc. Thr r svrl txnmis f surcing dcisins tht hv bn dptd. ur rsrch distinguishs mng thr: Ttl utsurcing: th dcisin t trnsfr IS ssts, lss, stff, nd mngmnt rspnsibility fr dlivry f IS srvics frm n intrnl IS functin t singl third prty vndr which rprsnts mr thn 80 pr cnt f th IS budgt; Ttl Insurcing: th dcisin t rtin th mngmnt nd prvisin f mr thn 80 pr cnt f th IS budgt intrnlly ftr vluting th IS srvics mrkt; Slctiv Surcing: th dcisin t surc slctd IS functins frm xtrnl prvidr(s) whil still prviding btwn 20 pr cnt nd 80 pr cnt f th IS budgt intrnlly. This strtgy my includ singl r multipl vndrs (mbrsi, 2001). Trnsitinl utsurcing invlvs th migrtin frm n tchnlgicl pltfrm t nthr. Such trnsitinl utsurcing hs thr phss: ( ) mngmnt f th lgcy systms; ( b ) trnsitin t th nw tchnlgy/systm; nd ( c ) stbilistin nd mngmnt f th nw pltfrm. ny n r ll f ths thr phss culd b turnd vr t third prty prvidr. Businss prcss utsurcing i... ny n r ll f ths thr phss culd b turnd vr t third prty prvidr. Businss prcss utsurcing is rltivly nw utsurcing rrngmnt. It rfrs t n utsurcing rltinship whr third prty prvidr is rspnsibl fr prfrming n ntir businss functin fr th clint rgnistin. ccrding t Millr (1994), numbr f industris r cnsidring businss prcssing utsurcing; in prticulr, gvrnmnt, finncil srvics (bnks nd insurnc cmpnis), hlth cr, trnsprttin, nd lgistics. Trgtd srvics includ htlins, hlp dsks, cll cntrs, clims mngmnt, nd dcumnt prcssing. Businss bnfit cntrcting is ls rltivly rcnt phnmnn. It rfrs t 'cntrctul grmnt tht dfins th vndr's cntributin t th clint in trms f spcific bnfits t th businss nd dfins th pymnt th custmr will mk bsd upn th vndr's bility t dlivr ths bnfits. Th gl is t mtch ctul csts with ctul bnfits nd t shr th risks.' Givn th risks sscitd with trditinl utsurcing, thr is cnsidrbl intrst in this frm f utsurcing. Millr nts, hwvr, tht whil businss bnfit cntrcting is frquntly usd in th mrkting f utsurcing srvics by third prty prvidrs, it typiclly is nt ctully dptd bcus f th difficulty sscitd with msuring bnfits. Bnchmrking in this r is prticulrly prblmtic. Bcus vndr rvnu nd mrgin ptntil r dirctly tid t th bnchmrks, it is nt surprising tht gtting grmnt by bth prtis n th bnchmrks prvs spcilly thrny. In ustrli, ppulr discussin f th grwing mrkt in utsurcing infrmtin tchnlgy (IT) hs bn spurrd by dcisins f svrl lrg cmpnis nd th ustrlin gvrnmnt t utsurc IT prtins. Th srvics in ustrlin IT utsurcing mk up t 38 prcnt f th ttl IT mrkt. Rsrch grup Grtnr rprtd tht th ustrlin IT srvics mrkt is wrth US$5.5 billin (Hubr, 2002). Th utsurcing in th cuntry is still ky drivr f th IT srvics sctr s wll s mngd srvics in rs

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOCUS ON FORM IN L2 LEARNERS' CLASSROOM Essay

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOCUS ON FORM IN L2 LEARNERS' CLASSROOM - Essay Example Thus, recasting is perfect for classroom use and is often applied by teachers to see the degree of production reached by their student (Loewn & Philp). However, there is an alternative view to this mode of teaching. Critic Lyster feels recasts to be an ineffective form of teaching (2001). This claim lays on the idea that the other forms of feedback make a more impressive difference. This is because recasts are unable to prove the difference they make. Recasts in their own form are indefinite in showing he progress that is obtained from being used. The advantage of recasts is their similarity to different types of corrective methods used to L2 learning. This makes 50% of the results used by this form prove to be of great benefit to any learner. Recasts take up different forms. Each form has different characteristics which help determine the effectiveness of its model. The success of this form is evident in the help it provides to the learner and the use of this form. Thus, despite the overriding criticism, this essay will move to prove the different types of recasts and the methods that can be employed to make it a very effective form of learning. Research: including theoretical articles and reviews on this form of study have found support that a linguistic form of teaching adds to the communication that focuses solely on creating meaning and is thus of great help in the classroom (Doughty & Williams). Greater emphasis is laid for focus on form because it allows the student to learn from mistakes that arise in linguistics instead of paying too much attention to meaning and communication (Long 2002). This allows a natural flow in the class as it allows the student to learn from their mistakes instead of focusing on a specific and particular way of teaching. This is known as response moves and allows the student to decipher their own error in the words they make. van Lier considers this form of recast to be present in the

Improving job performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improving job performance - Assignment Example Even small rewards might be keep us going forward and motivate for accomplishment of tasks. Reward and compensation play a key role to maintain a healthy lifestyle in your society. Fair and practical organizational policies play a vital role in the interest of organizations because the implementation of individual’s perceptions of injustice can be colliding with working attitudes and behaviors. Issues related to Justice and fair policies included perceptions of fair wages or salaries, equivalent opportunity for promotion, and employee’s selection procedures. Salary is the best reward for any individual. Among different types of performance-based rewards, yearly bonus compensation is common in all organization. (Gomez-Mejia, and Werner  159-160) Organization offers such a plan for their staff, where they receive some percentages on salaries as a bonus annually. Sometimes non-monetary rewards are motivated to employees to perform in a better manner. Recognitions of employee fulfill the psychological needs and requirements in the society. It includes "sale person of the month" or "employee of the year" certificates to derive motivation and recognition for employees. Implementation of profit sharing and stock options are using as an element of ownership for motivation and enhancement of performance for staff. Person who believes that he is part-owner of the company may become more efficient and productive because he believes the companys successes is his

Slavery wasnt the MAJOR CAUSE of the CIVIL WAR Essay

Slavery wasnt the MAJOR CAUSE of the CIVIL WAR - Essay Example the Convention. After the Convention the beginning was set for a new country and the new Constitution. However was this enough for the Northern and Southern States to prevent differences A new age began and also new ideas came in how the States should work together. And a wars came, with England, Mexico and the Civil War. Why dit it happen Let me take you into a short summary of the history. Rockwell JR and H. Llewellyn, Genesis of the Civil War (2000) quote: "And yet, if you listen to the media on the subject, you might think that the entire issue of the Civil War comes down to race and slavery. If you favor Confederate symbols, it means you are a white person unsympathetic to the plight of blacks in America. If you favor abolishing Confederate History Month and taking down the flag, you are an enlightened thinker willing to bury the past so we can look forward to a bright future under progressive leadership. The debate rarely goes beyond these simplistic slogans." Pratt 3 Jeffersonian Republicans and Hamiltons policies had wide angels of how the Country should be based and run. Both Founding Fathers based their idea on two different ideas. Jefferson wanted to build the nation on agriculture where Hamilton wanted to build a strong Government. He opposed to involvement to the French Revolution and staying to friendly to the British. The significant factors where most concerned about the States Rights, strict reading of the Constitution, important for Jefferson together in backing the French Revolution where Hamilton wanted a more elastic Constitution with a strong Government with no interfearing in the French Revolution. Miracosta College Proffesor...The big issue was whether they should be entitled to representation from Congress. The independence of the United States as signed in Paris on September 3, 1783 stayed optimistic for the sovereign states however it also produced many problems in the future between the Northern and Southern States. In 1790 a new Capitol was chosen for the Congress and Government, Washington a new named city took over the lead from Philadelphia.

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Coursework - 1

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example Wales had a small representation in the study with only 5 percent. The pie chart below further illustrates the representation by state. The age of the respondents is shown in the table above. The age ranges from 18 years to 97 years. There were those who also did not know their age were grouped as DK/Ref/NA/. The highest number of respondents was of the age 65-97 years. The age between 18-24 had 12.1 percent representation. The pie charts before shows the age representation of the respondents. The above table shows the marital status where most of the respondents are married or living as married with 62.3 percent. There were also another 21.2 percent of those who said they never been married. Widowed were 6.8 percent while those who were separated or divorced had 9.7 percent. The table above shows the views of the respondents on issues of Censorship of films and magazines is necessary to uphold moral standards. 17.8 percent and 43.2 percent of that respondents said they agree and strongly agree respectively. There were only 12.6 percent of the respondents who disagreed while 3.7 who strongly disagreed. There were 21.4 percent remained neutral while 1.3 percent did not answer. This question was about readership of the newspaper in UK, from the statically data above, most of the people in UK stay with paper with those with no paper being 60.4 percent. Tabloid has a readership of 25.9 percent; broadsheet had 13.1 percent while those who read other paper had 0.5 percent. This means that most of the people do not read newspapers. However, among those who read it go for tabloid compared to broadsheet. The above question wanted to know the opinion of people of UK what the government should do between spending and tax. Most of the people wanted the government to keep spending and taxes to be at the same level with 54.5 percent which is more than half of the respondents. There another group of people who felt that taxes and spending

The likely implications of a large country engaging in loose monetary Essay - 1

The likely implications of a large country engaging in loose monetary policy for exchange rates - Essay Example Like any other economy in the world, certain internal and external factors move its exchange rates in the short term and long term. These range from inflation and interests rates, balance of payment, investors and traders confidence in Germany and fiscal health of the government among others. Loose monetary policy generates both positive and negative effects to the economy, where the later can be severe and may require protection interventions to regulate the economic behaviour Monetary policies are controlled by the federal governments through the Central Banks in the nations. Therefore, depending on how the economy is performing, the federal government would provide the guidance on the monetary policy (loose or tight) to adopt. On the other hand, fiscal monetary policy in an economy and the transmission of a shock from the broader economy (e.g. global crisis or US shock affecting the Euro) could affect and action of the government and eventually the monetary policy. Large countries have high population of people and due to their engagement in economic development and high international transactions with the rest of the world; they tend to affect the economic variables of other open foreign markets, more than the small countries. Open economies/ countries are those that participate in international trade or economic activities, facilitating some level of freedom in importation and exportation with other countries. Measuring openness is quite complicated and theoretically determined by the level of protectionism (e.g. tariffs) applied by the country. However it can be estimated through the trade to GDP ratio in a country. Small countries are more open than large countries; they have higher than 70 percent openness premium (shares of imports and exports in GDP) (Damijan et al, 2013, p. 4). The effect of the loose monetary policy in the domestic front of small countries tends to be similar to large countries and perhaps faster and severely. However, in the foreig n front, there would be a variance, especially in the international factor flow that is translated in the domestic capital market. This is because of the trade volatility and high degree of openness that make them more vulnerable to external shocks. Similarly, the shocks from the small countries tend to have negligible effect in the broader foreign market, hence on the receivers end. What would happen to the exchange rates in Germany in case of a loose monetary policy? German is the largest economy in Europe with an open but regulated market. It also shares a common currency (Euro) with rest of the nations in the European Union who accepted to the terms of currency union. This in fact reduces the chances of speculative attacks on the Germany currency. According to the Europecafe (2013), German stood at number 5 rank of the largest economies across the globe; the dominating European country in trade and especially in machinery export abroad. If German can opt for an expansionary mone tary policy, its real interest rates would decline, forcing Germany’s domestic capital and financial assets to have lower real rates of return. The basic principal here is that monetary policy affects finances through interest rates and ultimately the exchange rates. Domestic investment for Germany would hence reduce after some time, as the previous investors prefer to invest abroad in search

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Coursework - 1

QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example Wales had a small representation in the study with only 5 percent. The pie chart below further illustrates the representation by state. The age of the respondents is shown in the table above. The age ranges from 18 years to 97 years. There were those who also did not know their age were grouped as DK/Ref/NA/. The highest number of respondents was of the age 65-97 years. The age between 18-24 had 12.1 percent representation. The pie charts before shows the age representation of the respondents. The above table shows the marital status where most of the respondents are married or living as married with 62.3 percent. There were also another 21.2 percent of those who said they never been married. Widowed were 6.8 percent while those who were separated or divorced had 9.7 percent. The table above shows the views of the respondents on issues of Censorship of films and magazines is necessary to uphold moral standards. 17.8 percent and 43.2 percent of that respondents said they agree and strongly agree respectively. There were only 12.6 percent of the respondents who disagreed while 3.7 who strongly disagreed. There were 21.4 percent remained neutral while 1.3 percent did not answer. This question was about readership of the newspaper in UK, from the statically data above, most of the people in UK stay with paper with those with no paper being 60.4 percent. Tabloid has a readership of 25.9 percent; broadsheet had 13.1 percent while those who read other paper had 0.5 percent. This means that most of the people do not read newspapers. However, among those who read it go for tabloid compared to broadsheet. The above question wanted to know the opinion of people of UK what the government should do between spending and tax. Most of the people wanted the government to keep spending and taxes to be at the same level with 54.5 percent which is more than half of the respondents. There another group of people who felt that taxes and spending

The Adams-Onis Treaty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Adams-Onis Treaty - Research Paper Example A key point to note is that the treaty's signing was conducted in Washington in 1819. Additionally, the ratification by Spain followed in 1820 and consequently enforced in 1821. The treaty renounced the prior claims by the United States regarding Texas. Additionally, the treaty settled the boundary3. The Louisiana Purchase covered the source of the Sabine River, the west and south banks, and the direct link to the north of the Red River4. The Adams-Onion treaty was terminated in 1903 following the introduction of a new treaty in 1902. Some of the key elements in the Adams–Onis Treaty included the idea of the United States acquiring Florida, as well as the idea of establishing a boundary between the territory of the United States and Spain. Notably, the then foremost international debate concentrated in the then American- Spain border. In the larger continent of Europe, Spain encountered serious problems that were internally generated, and the out west colonies almost faced rev olution at that time. Spain realized that its hold on the colonial empire was gradually escaping. Through Jackson’s attack, Spain authorities realized that they were weak when compared to the United States. The relationship between the U.S. and Spain was strained due to suspicions of the United States supporting the struggles for independence amongst the Spanish colonies in American5. Additionally, the phenomenon emerged crucial following the seizing of the Pensacola’s Spanish forts by Gen. Andrew Jackson. In 1818, St. Marks approved raid of Seminoles as he escaped the then slaves that seemed a significant Georgia’s threat. Andrew Jackson approved the execution of two citizens from Britain over the accusations of incitement upon runways and Indians6. There was a serious contemplation by the government of President Monroe towards the denouncing of the actions of Jackson7. However, Adams defended Andrew Jackson as he cited the significance of restraining the India ns as well as escaping slaves. Additionally, Adams sensed that Andrew’s Seminole campaign proves his popularity amongst Americans; this attribute strengthened the diplomatic contribution with Spain. After the 1803’s Louisiana Purchase, the then America’s President Jefferson presented an argument that the region of Florida was incorporated in Louisiana. Consequently, between 1810 and 1812, America annexed some western sections of Florida. President Thomas Jefferson sought more territory when John Quincy Adams served as the State’s Secretary. Between 1817 and 1818, the then US President James Monroe and Adams resumed plans of acquiring Florida as well as a boundary to the west, to be incorporated in the Louisiana Purchase. Following the negotiations that spent a few months, the treaty was signed 18198. Following the spread of the United States in Appalachians, there was an increased need for the Mississippi River to assist in the production of America's Wes t. This section is sometimes known as the section between the Mississippi and Appalachians. The Louisiana territory belonged to Spain since 1762, including 828,000 miles. There was friction between the United States and Spain regarding the right of navigating the Mississippi as well as the right for U.S people to transfer goods to vessels at New Orleans. However, the friction was settled through the Pickney Treaty in 1795. Following the introduction of the

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay Example for Free

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay INTRODUCTION Saint-Gobain Glass is a leading Glass Manufacturer in India and manufactures a range of Reflective Glass, Solar Control Glass, Green Building Glass, Interior glass, Fire resistant glass and Advanced Glass Solutions. Their reflective glass range includes mirror glass with a maximum sheet size of 3210 x 2000mm and a thickness of 5mm. Coating on Saint-Gobain mirrors is applied with a revolutionary new process which replaces copper, the origin of corrosion in mirror, with a highly sophisticated multiple level chemical treatment. In this process, the silvered layer is applied on the glass by a chemical method also knows as the wet film method. To reinforce the adhesion of this layer, a preparatory surface treatment of the glass is done by sensitization followed by passivation. The silvered layer is then treated to endow it with anti-corrosion properties and to improve adhesion of the paints. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2C Characteristics It has superb lustre, and a perfectly flat surface ( in the case of flat mirrors) which gives a distortion-free image reflection. Mirror uses high grade float glass as its base and it is manufactured under an automated process, thus giving superb quality mirror. Also, mirrors find different applications due to their ability to be moulded into concave and convex shapes apart from the usual flat surfaced mirrors. Applications 1.Cosmetic mirrors of appropriate size and designs for homes. 2.Internal use of wall surfaces, ceilings and pillars for general household usage, shops, offices and departmental stores. 3.Furniture and interior decorations. 4.In a small way, mirrors of smaller dimensions are also used by fashion  designers and tailors for dress designing. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2B Characteristics Mirror manufactured under the automated process has a silver membrane which is protected by a copper plated layer, and finally sealed with an oven baked paint coating. The silver membrane is fully protected, this providing long lasting performance and durability. Applications Use of Flat Mirrors: †¢Mirrors are used in washrooms of restaurants, in bars, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres †¢They are also used in sports and leisure centres, gymnasiums and swimming pools. Use of Concave Mirror: †¢Concave mirrors are used in vehicle headlights to focus the light from the headlight. The light is not as diffused and the driver can see better at night. †¢Concave mirrors are used to focus light for heating purposes. †¢They are used as dentists mirrors to magnify the image of patients’ teeth to facilitate the examination. †¢Used in some telescopes. Convex Mirror Uses: †¢Used in rear-view mirrors of vehicles. These mirrors make objects appear smaller than they really are. Due to this compression, these mirrors to reflect a wider image area, or field of vision. †¢Convex mirrors are often placed near ATMs to allow bank customers to see if someone is behind them. This is a security measure that helps keep ATM users safe from robbery of any cash withdrawals and helps keep ATM users identity more secure. †¢Large hospitals, stores and office buildings often use convex mirrors to allow people to see what is around a corner to help keep people from running into one another. †¢ Ceiling dome mirrors are ideal for surveillance in shops, offices and industrial environments. They allow someone to watch what is going on in a wide area and allow shopkeepers to spot thieves and vandals †¢Portable inspection mirrors can be used for security and safety purposes.  They are widely used by security firms and the military. MARKETING MIX FOR B2C MARKET A mirror is used at home in various ways like compact mirror for personal uses, in bathrooms and mostly by women for their personal styling. This is not a frequent buying in case of B2C market because replacement time is long in case if it does not break. Product This component deals with a mirror as a product for a consumer i.e. what are the different features he/she expects. In this case, it can be 1.Design of the mirror i.e. horizontal or vertical according to the use, large wall or small wall mirror, frameless or framed mirror. 2.Variety of the mirror like plastic lining, silver lining, copper lining or wooden lining along the borders. 3. Quality would be that it should be very clean and clear and showing the real image without hiding any imperfections, edges must be fine. 4. Durability i.e. must be resistant to corrosion. 5.Features would be like it must be unbreakable, come with a supporting stand in case of a home use if small size 6.Size, for example- small in case of travelling i.e. should be portable and also foldable, leaning mirrors and floor mirrors 7.Packaging, in case one is buying from a luxury cosmetic brand, then packaging comes into picture because in that case they would be expensive such that it reaches safely while transporting from one place to other. Brand, Services, Warranties and Returns does not matter much in B2C market for consumers if it is for very regular purposes but if it is for decorative purposes and for high end customers , it matters a lot. Price The price depends on the size of the mirror and whether the product is from a local i.e. not known company or it is from a branded high-end company exclusively for decorative purposes at home. A customer does not quote any price but only negotiates on the price offered by the retailer. If we talk about small mirrors used at homes or bathroom mirrors, then price is not a  concern but in case of high end mirrors like lining mirrors with silver, copper and metal etc., the price is worth negotiating because they are expensive and both the ends want the best price. There are some companies which also customize the mirror according to the individuals use i.e. shape, size, type of mirror etc. For example-a frameless wall mirror will cost between 10000/- to 20000/-, small wall mirrors vary from 4500/- to 12000/- but if expensive linings are used it increases, large wall mirrors can go from 5000/- to 90000/-. These are the list prices of the mirrors but the consumer expects some discounts on it like 10-20% and in case if a consumer is buying an expensive mirror , say of 1000000/-, then he/ she can get it on credit terms like half down-payment and rest at the time of delivery. Promotion The promotion strategies adopted are not that aggressive in terms of television commercial in the mirror market. One will hardly find any advertisements in newspaper regarding mirrors. So, advertisements are mainly done online; the price, quality and features are mentioned on the websites through which order can be placed. Another kind of promotion is done by word of mouth like if one customer is satisfied with the product which may help in building the chain of customers. The Sales force plays an important role here because a customer does know about this much when he/she enters a mirror store, the only things they look after are the shape and size of the mirror, after that the conversion of a prospect into a buyer is dependent majorly on the sales force because the inside information is little to the customer. Now comes Sales promotion, under which different scheme are introduced to increase the buying. For example it can be like- Buy two and get 20% off on the third purchase or with every mirror worth a particular price get a cleaner free etc. and public relations also matters for small as well as luxury end companies as it is what brings the customer back for repetitive purchase. Place The place component deals with channels, locations and transport of the mirror. As availability is the most important factor, it is done through channels like online buying (open a website, browse the catalogue and order  it by online payment and in that case transportation mishandling, breakage will be managed by the company) and this buying mostly happens for expensive mirrors, nearby store which includes wholesalers/retail shops for small/large household buying dealing in furniture where inspection can be done; general stores for cosmetic uses. Transportation is important, which means the time in which the delivery will be made after an order is placed. MARKETING MIX FOR B2B MARKETS Product Functionality: †¢As interior decorative glass in common areas of public and private buildings: entrance halls, landings, etc. †¢In bars, restaurants, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres. †¢For panelling on walls or doors and on furniture and shelves. †¢As mirrors in sports and leisure centres, swimming pools. †¢Car rear-view mirrors and side mirrors. †¢In single-lens-reflex (SLR) cameras. †¢Dental mirrors. †¢Magnifying mirrors in makeup kits and compacts. †¢Searchlights, floodlights, and spotlights (used in theaters). Quality: †¢Durability: Mirrors must be resistant to corrosion, particularly in humid conditions. †¢Clarity: Clarity is an important criterion that determines the quality of a mirror, and is indicated by the sharpness of the reflection seen in it. This in turn depends on the base glass on which the mirror is made. †¢Distortion-Free: Distortion in a mirror occurs due to inconsistencies, impurities, irregularities and heterogeneity in materials used to produce the base glass. †¢Eco-friendly: Mirrors must use metals that do not pollute the environment. Packaging: Mirrors sold to businesses are made available in various dimensions of length and breadth, along with options of form (such as required degrees of convexity, concaveness). Warranty: Mirrors come with a limited period warranty of being free of black edge defects resulting from improper production for a limited period after delivery to the immediate customer. The limited warranty of the mirror product are void if: †¢Broken †¢Mishandled †¢Improperly Installed †¢Exposed to foreign materials or solutions such as but not limited to cleaning products or painted walls. Services offered: This includes cutting, polishing, bevelling, and sometimes installation also. Price Mirrors are priced on per square foot basis. These dimensions are as per the buyers requirements. Also, the pricing depends upon the quality of the mirror, its thickness, weight, and flexibility of beveling the edges. Price quotes are taken from the buyer depending on their requirement. Wholesale pricing with discounts and bulk purchase discounts are provided on an individual basis. Also there great scope for buyer negotiations as there are several competitors in the market. The company will have to ensure that the prices are competitive enough to lure the client but at the same time be high enough so as to not make losses. Therefore, since they ae not operating in a monopolistic market, price is a variable they have to be careful on. Place Availability is more prominent on the online media these days. Catalogues can be browsed and orders can be placed at the seller’s website. This form of buying is most common. Also, buyers can go and personally inspect mirrors at the manufacturers/wholesalers outlet. Promotion Advertising: It is mostly done online. The variety and quality of the seller’s offering is mentioned on the websites. Placement of orders is through online forms. Promotional strategies: Manufacturers provide e-catalogues on their websites along with the sale offers and discounts that they decide on bulk purchases. Also, catalogues are sent to prospective buyers when a seller learns of the buyers intention of procuring a bulk purchase. Servicing and warranty terms are particularly mentioned as a part of the promotional strategy of a seller, as it becomes a major decision-making criterion for the buyer. B2B OR B2C? Saint Gobain Glass, India is a subsidiary of Saint Gobain France which has been in the industry since the 1600s. This being a fairly long period of time, they have managed to carve a niche for themselves in the glass industry. Though the mirror industry is only an off-shoot of the products they basically make, i.e., glass, they rule the B2C premium segment mirror market. There are a lot of local players in the industry as well. When a middle income group customer goes to buy a mirror, he would not be much bothered about the ‘brand’ of the mirror. His concern would rather be value for money and features like no distortions of images, good glass thickness, designs and varieties. Hence, his obvious choice would be something that would last for a long time, is sturdy but at the same time, is price effective. There are very few customers who can actually afford these mirrors and who consciously want to buy ‘a Saint Gobain’ when they look for a mirror. The price factor is definitely the decider when it comes to pitching these mirrors against the locally available ones. On the other hand, entering into contracts with real estate builders, interior decorators, vehicle manufacturing companies, dental equipment manufacturing companies etc, might prove to be more profitable for them since these would be repeat buyers and also the profits would come from the selling greater quantity of mirrors rather than pricing them higher, in order to achieve the  same revenue. Though the customer buying power seems to be more, the use of supreme technology for achieving unbeatable quality would ensure that the customers stick to them and build a long – standing mutually beneficial relationship. Therefore, the team is of the opinion that B2B MARKET would be better for the Saint Gobain Mirrors.

Shakespeares Language in his Works Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare's plays are full of references to what is now obscure- classical myth, falconry, astrology, or the theory of 'humors' that were thought to determine personality within so many of his characters (?S??Far?). Shakespeare wrote about themes and events we can relate to even now nearly 500 years later. 'He wrote about us-you and me, our friends, our families, the people we work with and play with and argue with and go to bed with, the characters we see on the evening news and elect to public office' often times comparisons are often scary (Seder iii). Shakespeare also liked to make fun of many of his characters. His plays show that he can be funny and has a humorous personality, often times even in his tragedies in which tears would flow from not only depression but from laughter. 'Shakespeare is full of humor, not only the broad clowning of the likes of Falstaff, but the deft little jabs and needles, sly and subtle jests' found in his vocabulary (Seder iv). The meanings of words Shakespeare used have changed and some have totally disappeared. The word ?bootless to Shakespeare did not mean lacking footwear, but useless or meaningless? (?So?..Far?). In our time we use expressions like LOL and IDK that stand for ?laugh out loud? and ?I don?t know or understand? when writing text messages or instant messages. If these expressions were during Shakespeare?s time the people would not have understood their meaning. Another such expressions could be ?Cool beans!? that basically means ?this is neat.? Terms that Shakespeare used have either fallen out of use or have different meanings, thus confusing the reader if he or she is not familiar with the Shakespearean style of writing. A great example of a word meaning chan... ...iting letters or messages and sometimes you will hear a person say ?tis?. It is amazing to look at the influence that he has contributed to our world and language today. He even has influence on current plays and movies and even poems. Shakespeare also uses themes in his plays. For example the main themes in Romeo and Juliet would be love and fate. Most people have at least heard of Romeo and Juliet and know it is a love story. Women and girls think Romeo is the perfect man or husband, so today girls are looking for their Romeo. In Romeo and Juliet fate just would not let them be together. There were problems arising all through the play with the fighting families and the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet. We knew there were going to be problems or death in the beginning when they say "A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life" (Glencoe McGraw-Hill).

What drove Eliza to change? What does it mean to be high class? Essay

In George Bernard Shaw’s didactic, Victorian play Pygmalion, Linguistics Professor Henry Higgins’s perceptive ears are offended by the sound of Eliza’s lowly, Cockney accent, so he wishes to change it into a flawless, pleasant voice that would blend in among high society. Higgins is a sarcastic and rude character who treats Eliza badly throughout most of the play, sometimes not even acknowledging her presence. This brings up the question of why she tolerates his rudeness. What drove Eliza to change? Change is desired when we face conflicts that must be resolved. Another question this play presents is: What does it mean to be high class? Is it as Henry Higgins says it is, that it is just the proper way of speaking? Can the â€Å"right† sociolinguistics or money or heritage give someone high status? We can wish to change when wanting to improve ourselves, to satisfy others who we hold in esteem, to meet demands placed upon us, but most importantly, a successful change must come from self-motivated reasons. A change forced upon a person is like no change at all. After the pressure, the expectations, the possible threat of that comes with authority, have all been removed, a change can only last if the subject being changed had wanted to be changed in the first place. Initially, she wanted to improve her speaking voice so that she could find a better job, and with a better job, better prospects in every part of her life. She realizes that she can do this with Higgins’s help—she recognizes his expertise in this subject, but he is unwilling to help her until she pays him a high sum that she cannot afford. Higgins’s peer Colonel Pickering’s attention is brought to Eliza’s plight and he feels for her, so he strikes up a wager with Higgins and ... ...see any kind of challenge in Freddy, so he was not of so much interest to her. George Bernard Shaw’s message, though, is that affection for another person should not be disguised as distaste, for eventually, the person we love will move on to somebody else who treats him or her as he or she deserves to be treated. In a way, Eliza’s plan to marry Freddy is a type of poetic justice against Higgins, who, even though exhibits the proper grammar and speech of gentility, is not truly a gentleman. His behavior and attitude are just inexcusable for a heroine like Eliza. From this irony and dark humor in Pygmalion, we learn that we should be genuine and reveal our true feelings for a love interest eventually, even if it is slowly to keep ourselves from being hurt—we do not want to meet Higgins’s lonely fate. He could have had Eliza, but his caustic behavior kept them apart.

Make Poverty History Essay

Poverty and the related problems of unemployment, economic inequality, poor social infrastructure and inability to access basic needs and services have for long been part of the international community. In 2005, the European Union developed the slogan â€Å"make poverty history†, that was directed at uniting developed countries in formulating policies for the eradication of poverty. The policy calls for a shift of focus from massive individual industrialization to synchronized growth of wage and capital goods, from substitution for self sustained development to export led growth. The solutions to the major problems of unemployment, poverty and income inequalities for all countries lie within policies for the integration of changes in domestic production and expenditure patterns. The â€Å"make poverty history† calls for a change of attitude from the developed countries to formulate policies and establish assistance for the improvement of the economic status of the poor especially those in third world countries. The policy aims at ensuring that the real world competition fair, the mobility of labor sufficient for development purposes and the governments aware of their fiscal responsibilities to the poor within their borders. Is It Possible? Many arguments support the proposition that if all developed countries united and came under one umbrella in fight against poverty, the issues related to poverty would be eliminated in a few years. The developing countries are in need of an economic mechanism in the international world that is capable of blending the interests of economic agents with those of the state more coherently. The economic mechanism needs to recognize the prevailing growth obstacles that can be considered for economic reforms. Mawhinney (2002,p. 157)Countries that are part of an international economic order such as the international trade organization, can be thought to be a subset of the organization, with the rules and regulations implemented by the organization affecting the behavior of the nations with respect to implied international repercussions. As such the economic order consists of â€Å"explicit or implicit† principles, rules and norms around which members are expected to converge. The rules and regulations prevail on the existing practices for making and implementing policies. It follows therefore that the decisions of the umbrella body will by far have more effect on individual country policies. For this reason the â€Å"make poverty history† polices that are implemented by the economic integration bodies will have a much higher success rate and impact on individual member country policies. International trade and economic organizations have time and again prevailed upon individual governments to change their economic policies by imposing sanctions and quotas that make it difficult for the counties to trade. The economic and trade organization being one of the largest and most influential economic organization has the unique power o influence changes in the developed and developing countries. They can impose salient features and prevail upon countries to reform their economic and social policies that are enhancing and promoting the spread of poverty. There is however a growing concern among experts that questions the impact of international economic organizations such as the European Union of individual and government state policies. Although the organization may have some form of control on their members, they are not very influential when it comes to private government policies. They may therefore be unable to influence their members with economic policy changes especially if such said members are powerful within their representation in the organization. Additionally, even though the economic changes can be made by the members, economic organizations cannot influence the change by other non-member countries. This means that the impact of the policy changes will only be felt by a small percentage of the poor. The impact may in fact be so small that it does not justify the implementation of new policies. How Can It Be Achieved Improvement of the commodity market: the developing countries and low income groups are haunted by the trade policies in their countries which are characterized by duality. The main parts of such markets (e. g. in agriculture) barter forms of transactions, rather than monetary transactions take place. The â€Å"make poverty history† campaign aims at educating the government and policy makers in the states to implement policies that encourage monetary trade. The value of the products coming from these countries is often higher than the value of the products included in the barter trade. The income trickling down to the producer and his workers therefore is much smaller than would have been possible in the monetary markets. The state governments should take advantage of the quality products to demand higher prices for their individual producers and exporters. Industrialization: for more than a quarter century, the debate on industrial policy has ebbed and flowed, with it the interest and commitment of state governments. The international community has always been aware of the importance of industrialization to increase employment and per capita income of the poor. Yet even with all the evidence little has been done to improve the state of the industrial process. The focus has quickly shifted to taking advantage of the countries with not industrialization power. Industries have to be allowed the chance to develop in order for the poor countries to be able to compete effectively in the international markets. Premised on the notion of strategic trade policies, proponents of this policy argue that it is possible for governments and the international community to intervene effectively to support local and national firms. In the developing countries policies there has been an impression that industrial policy is no longer considered part of the political agenda, and that policies of privatization and deregulation have replaced them. While the latter do reflect an increased emphasis on market force, they are not key factors to the improvement of competitiveness. Therefore a change in government policies may be necessary to redefine the industrial polices and the principle tenets of the last two decades. Unemployment and income distribution: the development designs for economies have to be structured around the objectives of maximum impact on employment. In the process of implementing policies for labor absorption, its quality and productivity have also to be enhanced so that the average level of incomes is not adversely affected. Without proper training and improvement of labor production, absorption of more people to employments will only lead to adverse effects on the income distribution patterns, (Strange and Bayley 2008, P. 42). In addition, a re-distribution of originating incomes has to be achieved simultaneously with changes in the product mix which match the altered structure of demands. This implies a much larger output of basic consumer goods and essential services like education, medical care, public transport and cheaper communication. Control population growth: the full employment and higher average income cannot be realized within a reasonable time structure if the poor populations continue to grow at the present rates. Consequently it is important for governments to pursue more effective polices of family planning and population control. The most powerful aids in this policy include the spread of general education and health facilities, more working opportunities for women and higher family incomes. Nevertheless, specific measures to promote later marriages, birth control practices, and health education have to be intensified in the low income earning groups along with programmes to alter social attitudes towards family size, male progeny and women property rights. Without a change in the total matrix, the desired benefits of income distribution and poverty alleviation cannot be achieved. Income Inequality and Bridging the Gap The probability of redistributing current incomes on any scale, while at the same time having positive welfare effects in the short run, is likely to be severely limited. There may be high cost in terms of growth in the long term from potentially damaging effect on the incentives, savings and investment of the upper income group. The policies designed for income redistribution are also likely to face strong resistance from this group. There will be less resistance and hostility from the main investors in the economy if the redistribution of income does not affect their income in any way. However this then denies the logic of the income redistribution polices, (World Bank, 2008, p. 12). On the other hand investing in the human and physical assets of poverty groups is likely to have a high pay off in welfare terms as it will lead to income growth in groups that have higher welfare weights. But it may also require some sacrifice of output in the short run in so far as returns on investment in human capital take longer to develop. To this extent it may involve a short run cost to upper income groups but these groups may also benefit in the long run as the productivity and income of the poor improve. Poverty: Problem or Affluence The main issue in economic development is the discussion on whether poverty is the problem or wealth. The problem facing the economic development is the structure of the poverty scale and not the wealth. The country’s affluent contribute significantly to the national income and growth rate, while the poverty scales make it difficult for this impact to be accounted for. Personal income is spent on purchase of consumer goods and services, while a part of the same is saved. This is only possible for the wealthy who not only by their purchasing power influence the employment of others but also invest in new industries that improve the income earning of the poor. Issues to Be Considered In Poverty: Unemployment Employment generation is a major factor in curbing poverty. The employment programmes often have more impact on the poor than temporary relief during periods of scarcity. International communities have invested heavily in local industries in order to increase the employment index. By investing in local industries, the international community hopes to increase the chances for employment in the countries, (Blakely 2002, P. 57). Locally, apart from investment in industries, the government has formulated policies that encourage employment generation. The government aims at providing equal employment opportunities especially for the country’s youth by encouraging and supporting innovative self employment plans and encouraging institutional placement. Technology and Credit By making the technology available to citizens and small scale producers, experts imply that production will increase on a large scale while at the same time reducing the costs of production. The immediate impact will be higher income generation. Technology confers a superior position for small scale producers correlated by stronger willingness and capacity to bear risks. Small scale producers are transformed to large scale employers through the implementation and use of new technology measures, (organization for economic cooperation and development 2001, P. 160). To ensure that small scale producers and entrepreneurs can access the technology available to make production less costly for them, the American government has reduced the lending rate and increased its investment in the government credit programs. This means that more and more entrepreneurs can access the credit necessary to purchase new and useful technology. Assets and Skills The low income earners form a mixed group on the criteria of economic prospects and accessibility. They are less educated and therefore possess less skill to offer to the employment market. The international community has put pressure on countries with low education indexes to improve their provision of education. Additionally, implementation of adult programmes and technical colleges has seen an improvement in the human skills and as such the employment rate of the uneducated. It is a constant struggle for the American government to impose on its population the importance of education in the employment world. While in the previous years the high school dropout rate has been a major concern to education officials, it has now become the trend for high school drop outs to return to school in an attempt to acquire the high school diploma. Government policies have made the small document so glamorous and easy to achieve that more and more American citizens are being drawn by the prestige of the diploma. Welfare Programmes Welfare programmes play two different but equally important roles in removal of poverty. First, they try to provide subsidized cost or free a wide range of amenities and services which the poor would not be able o acquire for a long time given their low and slow growing incomes. The second role is that of helping the poor invest themselves to improve the attributes important for participation in economic development processes such as orientation, reception, absorption capacity and ability to take initiatives. Although internationally and locally, the welfare policies and programs have drawn a lot of attention and increased their spread to the poor populations; careful monitoring and implementation of these programmmes is a dimension calling for priority attention . The polices need to be directed and implemented only when the poor move sufficiently beyond the subsistence level to appreciate the importance and advantage of investing in themselves European Union: Competition Policy Although the pitfalls of monopoly and anti-competitive conduct have long been recognized by economists, the application of polices to curb such behavior has only been done recently. It is the uncompetitive nature of today’s markets; where the large firms are given monopoly and control of the market forces that is enhancing the poverty scale. If the small firms lack the opportunity to compete in new industries, then it means that they will either go bankrupt and the unemployment rate will continue to increase. Like in the European markets it is necessary for the government to encourage competition by providing incentives for smaller firms wishing to enter monopolized industries and formulating integrated markets, (Pinder and Usherwood 2007, p. 67). The articles in the European Union agreement discourage and often penalize the action of firms and governments that may discourage competition and influence the market structure. This means that large and influential firms and governments are not allowed to impose unfairly high or low prices, limit production or apply specific conditions that are not related to transition of goods. Governments and firms are permitted to seek aid to improve their competitive nature and promote their contribution to the economic development. Conclusion Make poverty history proposal envisages fundamental changes in the role of governments and economic bodies in development. The shift to be considered is towards the sustainable development of the community. The make poverty history campaign has taken root in a number of countries that have committed themselves to implementing economic and social policies that will improve the lives of the low income earners. The United States is among the active players in the campaign to end poverty. Not only has the country taken part in policy changes but it has also increased its budget that is aimed at providing economic assistance to countries struggling with poverty. The success of the â€Å"make poverty history† campaign has relied heavily on the economic sanctions implemented by major trade organizations and major players in international markets. Because of its ability to draw the support of major developed countries and international organizations, together with the campaigns’ global capacity, the â€Å"make poverty history† campaign is likely to be the most successful poverty eradication program to date. References 1. Blakely. E. J. 2002. Planning Local Development, Third Edition. London. Sage Publications 2. Mawhinney. M. 2002. Sustainable Development: Understanding the Green Debates. Oxford. Blackwell Publishing 3. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2001. Sustainable Development: Critical Issues. Washington. OECD Publishing. 4. Pinder. J and Usherwood. S. 2007. The European Union: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford. Oxford University Press 5. Strange. T and Bayley. A. 2008. Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment. Washington. OECD Publishing 6. World Bank 2008. World Development Indicators 2008, Volume 2008. Washington. World Bank Publications

Rate of Evaporation- Research Paper

Internal Assessment: Rate of Evaporation Ann George Mr. Frias/4th Period Wheeler High School Research Question How will changing the molar mass of alcohol affect the rate of evaporation, represented by the change in temperature over time, measured using a temperature probe? Research/Abstract Alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group, OH, is bound to a carbon atom. Its carbon center should be saturated; it should have single bonds to three other atoms. The different types of alcohols are determined by the kinds of CH2 groups while the number of CH2 groups there are tells you the volume of the alcohol.The acyclic alcohols are the most basic and one of the most important groups of alcohol. The general formula of acyclic alcohols is: CnH2n+1OH. There are different types of acyclic alcohols. The most commonly used form of acyclic alcohol is ethanol which is a clear, volatile, flammable liquid that boils at 78. 4?. It is used as an industrial solvent, car fuel, and as raw materials in the chemical industry. Ethanol is widely used as a solvent for human contact or consumption, including perfumes, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Another type of acyclic acid is methanol, and it is also the simplest sort of alcohol.It is a clear liquid that resembles ethanol is odor and properties, but it has a slightly lower boiling point of 64. 7?. Methanol is mainly used as a solvent, antifreeze, raw materials, fuel, or as a denaturant for ethanol. Unlike ethanol, methanol is extremely toxic since one sip of methanol can cause permanent blindness. Two other kinds of acyclic acid are propan-2-ol and butan-1-ol. Just like ethanol, these two types of alcohols can be produced by the fermentation process. Propan-2-ol is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor.It is the simplest kind of secondary alcohol which occurs when an alcohol carbons is attached to two other carbons. Butan-1-ol is a primary alcohol with a four carbon structure. Bu tan-1-ol is part of the group of â€Å"fusel alcohols† which has more than two carbon atoms and is soluble in water. It is used as an artificial flavoring that is present in many types of food and beverages such as butter, cream, ice cream, and candy. Pentan-1-ol is a 5 carbon atom. It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant aroma. This alcohol can be prepared by the fractional distillation of fusel oil.Some uses for pentan-1-ol include being used as a solvent for coating CDs and DVDs, and it is also used as a replacement for gasoline. Each of these acyclic alcohols has a general formula as follows: ethanol is C2H5OH, methanol is CH3OH, propan-2-ol is C3H7OH, butan-1-ol is C4H9OH, and pentan-1-ol is C5H11OH. Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs only on the surface of a liquid. For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the liquid phase intermolec ular forces.Since the kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to its temperature, evaporation occurs more quickly at higher temperatures. As the faster moving molecules escape, the remaining molecules have a lower average kinetic energy, so the temperature of the liquid decreases. Also, evaporation tends to occur more quickly on liquids with higher vapor pressure. Alcohol evaporates faster than water because water has extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules which results in its high boiling point whereas in alcohol, amount of hydrogen bonding is smaller as compared to water.This makes the boiling point of alcohol less than water. A major factor that tells the rate of evaporation is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. The stronger the forces’ keeping the molecules in a liquid state, the more energy needs to escape. Other factors that affect the rate of evaporation include the concentration in the air since air that has a high concentration of the sub stance will evaporate more slowly. Surface also plays an important part in the evaporation process because substances with a larger surface area will evaporate faster, as there are more surface molecules that are able to escape.Denser objects take longer to evaporate as well. The pressure of an object also effects evaporation since evaporation happens faster if there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from launching themselves. The formula to determine the evaporation rate of a substance is as follows. Change in Temperature Change in Time Rate of Evaporation= In measuring the evaporation rate of a liquid, a temperature probe is most commonly used to calculate the decrease in temperature. If the evaporation rate occurs quickly, the temperature will also decrease quickly.Hypothesis For determine the rate of evaporation of a substance, the change in temperature is divided by the change in time. Among the five previously mentioned alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propan-2 -ol, butan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol, the rate of evaporation for the methanol will be faster. Methanol will evaporate more quickly because its intermolecular forces are the smallest since it has the lowest relative molecular mass. This shows that the molecules in methanol can easily evaporate.The butan-1-ol will evaporate the slowest because it has the highest molecular mass of all the alcohols given, so it therefore has the greatest intermolecular force of attraction. If the molecules’ properties are the same, then the intermolecular forces of attraction are proportional to the relative molecular mass. So as the molar mass increases, the rate of evaporation decreases. Materials/Safety * Safety goggles * 4 beakers, each one with a number from 1-4 * Methanol, ethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-2-ol poured into separate beakers * Pentan-1-ol * Xplorer GLX Pasco PasPort PS-2002 * Temperature probeProcedure For this lab we were to find the rate of evaporation for the five types of alcohols mentioned from above. First we put on our safety goggles to protect our eyes from the aforementioned alcohols since they could cause irritation in our eyes. Next we set up our Xplorer GLX PasPort PS-2002 to graph. After that, we dipped the tip of our temperature probe into the first beaker of alcohol until the graph flat lined. Once that occurred, we removed the temperature probe from the alcohol and held it above the beaker until the graph on the Xplorer GLX Pasco PasPort PS-2002 started to decline, ndicating that the liquid was cooling off since it was evaporating. This process was repeated for the remaining alcohols. Finally, the temperature change of the alcohols was divided by the time it took for the temperature change, so we could calculate the rate of evaporation for the alcohols to figure out the identity of the alcohols. Data Table/Observations | Change in Temperature| Change in Time| Rate of Evaporation| Type of Alcohol| Liquid 1| 7. 1? | -18. 5| -. 384| Methanol| Liquid 2| 2. 9? | -51| -. 059| Propan-2-ol| Liquid 3| 1. 1? | -64| -. 712| Butan-1-ol| Liquid 4| 5. 9? | -65| -. 0908| Ethanol| Liquid 5 (mystery)| 2. 4? | -34. 5| -. 0696| Pentan-1-ol| Figure 1: This figure represents the data that was collected throughout the experiment. For each of the five liquids, we determined the change in temperature, the change in time, the rate of evaporation, and finally using all the data that we has gathered we determined the type of alcohol that the liquids were. When we received the different beakers with different types of alcohols, the alcohols all looked same since they are all colorless liquids.We found the change in temperature was the part of the graph from when the graph flat lined at the top to when the line went down and just starts to come up. This part of the graph is the temperature change because when the temperature line begins to decrease, it indicates that the liquid is evaporating. We knew that the liquid was evaporating since when evaporat ion occurs, the molecules change into a gaseous state therefore absorbing heat. When the molecules absorb the heat, it cools down the surrounding environments temperature.Evaporation was complete when we noticed the temperature start to increase again on the graph. The temperature increase indicated that the area from where the liquid had evaporated was starting to get back to the room’s temperature. We also found the time it took for the temperature to change so that we could figure out the evaporation rate for each of the liquids. Results/Analysis The results of the experiment are as follows. Liquid 1 had an evaporation rate of -. 384, liquid 2 had an evaporation rate of -. 059, liquid 3 had an vaporation rate of -. 0172, liquid 4 had an evaporation rate of -. 0908, and liquid 5 had an evaporation rate of -. 0696. Once we determined the evaporation rate, we used that to figure out the identity of each type of liquid. The higher the evaporation rate was, the lower the molecu lar mass was for each of the alcohols. There were instances throughout the experiment were possible errors could have occurred. One such instance is when we took the temperature probes out of the liquids, so that the liquid would evaporate.If we took out more liquid on one of the liquids then it would have taken longer for that liquid to evaporate than the others. Also if we waved the temperature probe in the air, then the liquid might have evaporated faster than it was supposed to. Another factor that affects the evaporation rate is if fresh air is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of the substance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging faster evaporation. ConclusionsOur conclusions were right because as seen from our results, as the molar mass decreased the rate of evaporation for the substance increased. This is because more energy escapes if the forces that are keeping the molecules together in a liquid state are stronger. Thi s also represents that the evaporation rate of a liquid is inversely proportional to the molecular masses of the substances. Even though this does not full represent the relationship between the evaporation rate and the number of carbon chains that are in the alcohols, it supports the fact that they are inversely proportional.

HIPAA And How It Effects Nursing Care Essay

In order to explain how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act are affecting nursing care today, the act itself must be defined. HIPAA is one of the most important acts that have been passed to protect patients’ privacy and give them security. HIPAA privacy standards include some of the most restrictive guidelines in regards to accessing identifiable health information and disclosures. The guidelines were set into place to protect the patient from having their information disclosed verbally, written or by electronic transfer (Pozgar, 2012). The Privacy rule is clearly defined as â€Å"HIPAA†, which ensures the privacy and protection of all health information. Before HIPAA many states had their own standards and guidelines for healthcare privacy and practice (ANA, 2014). HIPAA has given us unison and uniformity as a healthcare nation, not just a state. The standards and guidelines protecting the privacy of an individual’s health information were issued by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HIPAA 101, 2014). The privacy rule, does allow the use of healthcare information to promote the best quality of health care. The rule also protects the confidentiality of the patient. HIPAA also affects the patient’s own access to their medical records. The individual is often asked to sign an authorization request form upon admission. The form consists or should include a description of the information that is going to be used or disclosed to other authorized individuals in a detailed manner. The client should also be given the names of the individual that will have access to their identifiable information. The patient must also be made aware of the fact that he or she has the right to revoke the authorization request at any  time. HIPAA regulations also require that codes be set into place for encoding vital records such as, medical terms and procedure codes (HIPAA 101, 2014). As a nurse working in a hospital setting, I am aware of the requirements to give patients clear, insightful, written information concerning their Patient Rights and the disclosures of their personal information. Patients are asked to sign a permission form giving us permission to share their information with other healthcare workers. The patient’s information is only allowed to be shared with the healthcare providers that have an active role in the client’s care. For example, if a healthcare provider discloses any information about a patient with another person or coworker that has not been authorized by the patient, it is a violation of HIPAA. The Patient’s Bill of Rights was created by the American Hospital Association in 1973. It was developed to ensure that good viable communication occurs between the patient and the healthcare provider. The Bill of Rights entitles the patient to the right to be involved in every decision about his or her plan of care prior to any treatments and throughout the treatment process. If the patient is competent and has no mental incapacities at their own accord they can refuse treatment at any time. All patients are to be informed of all of their diagnoses, treatments, and the consequences of those treatments. The Patient’s Bill of Rights also gives patients the right to be informed about advance directives. (Pozgar, 2012). There are two common types of advance directives, a living will or a dual power of attorney. A living will provides outlines about medical treatments. It will have details about the patient’s wishes or their refusal of a treatment if they become incapacitated. A dual power of attorney for healthcare designates a person or persons appointed by the client to make healthcare decisions if and when the client is unable to. Advance directives are used to provide guidance to nurses and other members of the healthcare team. A copy of the advance directive must be placed in the client’s medical chart. The physician is notified of the advance directive so that his or her written orders do not coincide with the client’s wishes. When disclosing patient information it should be done in a private location away from other staff members and patients. The only time that information about a patient may not be kept confidential. Is when the cases involve abuse or a public health hazard (Hogan, 2012). Violating the HIPAA guidelines and rules  can Intel extensive consequen ces, for the healthcare provider, nurse, and the healthcare facility. The consequences may include termination, suspension, law suits, and huge fines for hospital and employee (ANA, 2014). The most resourceful and reliable information can be given by the client or a family member. In order for the most accurate information to be retrieved there must be trust and respect between the healthcare provider and the patient. Violating HIPAA and its codes could damage or destroy the trust between physicians or nurses and the client. If the patient does not provide the physician or nurse with the concise and accurate information about their past and present health, the outcome could be detrimental for the hospital and the patient. For example, if a patient has to have surgery and the anesthesiologist is using demoral to sedate the client. The client fails to tell the doctor that he or she is allergic to demoral. The patient experiences anaphylactic shock which is a severe allergic reaction that can cut off the airway completely. Recovery for the patient may or may not be feasible. Good communication between the client and the healthcare providers is needed to sustain life and to save lives. Clients need the security that goes along with HIPAA. They need to feel secure in the fact that whatever they tell their healthcare provider is secure and confidential. An incident occurred one day as I was working in the emergency room area. A patient came in suffering from severe chest pains and I was designated to interview the client and retrieve vital information. All of the routine questions were asked and answered. The last and final question that I approached the client with was his current intake of medication preferably Viagra. I remember him giving me this look as if he did not understand the words that had just escaped my mouth. Taking into consideration that his spouse was present and that she may not be aware of his enhancement drug, she was directed to the lounge for coffee. I asked the client once again â€Å"Mr. J have you or are you currently taking Viagra†. He answered â€Å"No I am only 45 I have no need for Viagra†. My nursing instincts kicked in and his aggressive answers and body language made me feel as if he was not being completely honest with me. At that moment I decided to explain my reasoning for this line of questioning and the importance of the situation. I informed Mr. J that he was being administered Nitroglycerin to help with his angina. Angina is chest pain. Nitroglycerin and Viagra when  given together can be a deadly combination because they both contain Nitro which dilates your blood vessels. When combined together these two medications can lower your blood pressure to the point that death may occur. I know what you are thinking what an awful thing to say, but for some patients the truth in a upfront and nondisclosure way works best. Mr. J admitted to using Viagra and precautions were taking to sustain his life. Within 48 hours he was released from the hospital. This scenario was meant to show the importance of patient and healthcare provider information. It is very important that a rapport is made between the client and you. I think that violating HIPAA cripples our chance of building and maintaining a bond with the patients. Another example of a way that HIPAA can be violated is disclosing information to neighbors and friend that have not been authorized. Home Healthcare workers are faced with this dilemma frequently. This scenario refers to a nurse that visits her client twice a week. The client has taken ill and is unable to venture out into her yard to work in her garden. The neighbors become worried because Mrs. X is known for being in her garden daily. One day as the nurse was leaving Mrs. X house she is approached by her neighbor Mrs. B. Mrs. B asked â€Å"how is Mrs. X doing these days?’ The best response by the nurse would be not to disclose any of Mrs. X information although Mrs. B is just being a concerned neighbor. The n urse replied â€Å"disclosing any information about Mrs. X is a violation of HIPAA and for that reason I am not inclined to answer your question†. HIPAA has strict guidelines that we are to follow even when we are out of the hospital setting. .Healthcare workers have always had some sort of privacy guidelines in place to protect the patient’s privacy. Nurses have always and still are front runners when it comes to maintaining HIPAA and its guidelines. The American Nursing Association has a Code of Ethics that contain statements and requirements that instruct nurses to keep patients information private. Hospitals have implemented different strategies and techniques to ensure that HIPAA is not being violated. In the facility where I work there are strict rules and regulations about disclosing patient information over the phone. The Golden Rule is do not do it. The reason behind this rule is because you never really know who is on the other end of the line. Disclosing health information in this manner can certainly be in violation of HIPAA. Almost all of the charting that nurses do is done on a  computerized system. We must sign in and out each time with our assigned user ID and passcode. It is recommended that the password that we choose is difficult to figure out and to change the passcode often. Nurses should never give or share their passcodes with other coworkers. Hospitals are constantly developing ways to increase their security to ensure that a patient’s medical record is deemed private and remain private. Encryption technology and software is a great place to start. Computers and laptops, over the years have disappeared from different hospitals. These computers often contain vital patient records. Encryption will allow the hospitals IT management team to ease the minds of concerned individuals by acknowledging that their information is encrypted and not easily accessible. Some hospitals purchase self-encrypted hard drives because they have been known to provide stronger protection (Fields, 2012). The patient’s chart and any other paperwork that contain their personal infor mation is always place faced down so that it is not viewable by individuals passing by. Another security measure to protect patient privacy is the names on the room door that is no longer permissible. Nurses are required to use two patient identifiers to ensure that the right patient is given the correct medication and before any procedures are done (Hogan, 2012). If a family member or an unknown individual calls the front desk and asks â€Å"is Jim Jones in the hospital and what room is he in†. Nurses are inclined to respond by saying â€Å"we do not have a Jim Jones. I know it sounds like a little white lie to most, but our first priority is always to our patients. Later, that same individual can call back and say can you connect me to Mr. Jim Jones in room 204 and they will be connected. HIPAA has strict guidelines and as healthcare providers we are required to follow at all times. Nurses are on the frontline when it comes to patient care and privacy. Nurses are advocates for their patients and act and speak for them when they are unable to (Pozgar, 2012). Nurses work with patients and their families every hour of every day. Nurses knowledge and understanding of HIPAA is important not only for the patient, but for the facilities that we are working in. To violate HIPAA and its guidelines is to violate our ethics and our patient’s moral beliefs and trust that they have bestowed upon us. HIPAA is more about nurses and other healthcare providers changing the way they think and act in reference to patients’ privacy and security. Some may think that improving  technology and upgrading their computer software is the ultimate game changer. I believe as nurses, we have a duty to self, job, and patient. Nurses must become innovative when it comes to discussing a patient’s personal health information. The facility that you currently work in are probably not willing or able to sound proof every room. Therefore, maybe changing the way we speak or the tone of our voice when discussing sensitive identifiable patient information. It is important to never discuss a client’s health information in a hallway, stairwell, elevator, or outside the facility. When possible try to find a secluded area or room and close the door. These are small and simple adjustments that can make a big impact. Being mindful of the environment that you work in is necessary in order to plan and establish privacy measures for the clients. HIPAA is not in place to define nursing care, but to enhance patient care and trust, to encourage nurses and other healthcare workers to make an effort, to take the initiative, to preserve privacy and integrity of the patients that we serve. Work Cited Fields, Rachel. (2012, November, 9) â€Å"Protecting Patient Data to Protect Your Hospital retrieved February 12, 2014 from http://www.beckershospitalreview.com â€Å"HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act† (2014) AMA.assn.org. Retrieved February 22, 2014 from http://www.ama.assn.org â€Å"HIPAA: Privacy Rule and Compliance (2014, February, 26) hipaa101.com Retrieved February 12, 2014 from http://www.hipaa101.com Hogan, Maryann. (2012) Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX- RN (2nd Edition pp, 25 & 272-274) Pearson Education Inc. Pozgar, D. George. (2012) Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration (11th edition pp,282-284 and 336-343) Jones & Bartlett Learning