The Central Intelligence Agency Defines Terrorism

Professor Williamson November 13, 2015 Paper 2 – Question 2 The Central Intelligence Agency defines terrorism as â€Å"premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents† (CIA). This term was specifically created to differentiate terrorism between other acts of violence. These doings of terrorism are not just any act but are specific acts of violence. A dominant reason behind terrorism tends to fall upon religious beliefs and culture ties. Terrorism has been an important part of social behavior for over 2,000 years. Between the years of 1980 and 1995, terroristic groups motivated by religious beliefs had increased by 43% (Hoffman). Religious beliefs and culture are a main reason groups and individuals resort to terrorism. Groups resort to terrorism as a consequence of seeing their culture demolished, as well as religious motives. Terrorist groups have many intentions when it comes to acts of terrorism. They main ones are they want to create fear glo bally, weaken the government, and obtain universal recognition for what they have done. Religiously motivated terrorist groups usually have high authority targets. These targets include government offices, banks, and national airlines. From the group’s perspective, terrorism is the only practical option. Groups are formed centered on certain factors like culture and religion. Many terrorists will receive support from their followersShow MoreRelatedRoles Of Law Enforcement And Intelligence1503 Words   |  7 PagesRoles of Law Enforcement and Intelligence in Counter-Terrorism After 9/11 September 11, 2001 marks one of the darkest, if not the darkest, days in United States history. It is a day in the history of our country in which everyone remembers where they were and what they were doing when they heard the news that two planes had flown into the World Trade Center in New York City, taking out both of the Twin Towers. 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Three Views of Population Growth - 2674 Words

Scenario 1 - Disastrous As the century began, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. Water shortages, soil exhaustion, loss of forests, air and water pollution, and degradation of coastlines afflict many areas. As the worlds population grows, improving living standards without destroying the environment is a global challenge. Most developed economies currently consume resources much faster than they can regenerate. Most developing countries with rapid population growth face the urgent need to improve living standards. As we humans exploit nature to meet present needs, are we destroying resources needed for the future? In the past decade in every environmental sector, conditions have†¦show more content†¦Pollution is decreasing in the worlds seas due to the improved sanitation. 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Introduction to Public Relation

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Public Relation for Ongoing crisis communication. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to develop a public relations project in order to improve the quality of life in Bristol. In order to achieve the same, a plan for opening recreational center has been developed. In this manner, it will be possible to satisfy needs and requirements of a wide range of community in Bristol. The organization chosen for this assignment is Bristol Cyrenians Ltd. The report has been presented by the public relations professional to the board of directors of the organization. Research Background of the organization Bristol Cyrenians Ltd is a non-profit organization, situated at Bristol city. The organization was founded in 1969, and since then, the company has conducted different charitable activities in order to improve life style of the community (Bristol Cyrenians, 2016). For example, the company has conducted activities such as providing shelter, human resource and advancement of health. Scope The company is about to open a recreational center in Bristol city. Since, city of Bristol has so much potential investors such as businesses, investors and developers, the company would be able to get finance for this movement (Hegerl Kohls, 2016). Magnitude In this social activity, the company needs to target a broad audience. The aim of the company is to facilitate a wide range of communitys need. Therefore, a large amount of effort would be required in order to get successful outcome from the project. Relevance of the issue In Bristol city, an increasing number of people are looking for different services. In this current scenario, it would be effective to open a recreational center. On the other hand, the scope of achieveving this objective is high due to availability of investors (Rail, Murray Holmes, 2016). Audience of the PR plan In this PR plan, the audience will be local community, potential investors and internal stakeholders of the organization. The company needs to communicate with all the stakeholders in order to achieve the framed objectives. In order to open the recreational center, the company would first communicate with the social community of Bristol (Singh Bisawa, 2016). It would help the company to promote awareness about the facilities of the recreational center. On the other hand, promoting the benefits to the investors would help the company to fulfill the monitory requirement of the project (RAHI, 2016). Finally, communication within the internal stakeholders is important in order to conduct the required activities for the project. Following are the communication process that would be implemented to achieve the objectives. Social Community: The Company would distribute pamphlets to the social community in order promote facilities of the recreational center. The company will also adopt online promotion strategy (Gallagher et al., 2013). However, not every individual would be able to access the internet. Therefore, both offline and online promotion process has been adopted in order to get beneficial outcome. Investors: The Company would establish a face-to-face communication with the investors. Firstly, the company will submit report to the investors mentioning the benefits of this project (Grunig, 2013). The report should consist of detailed information regarding how the company would be benefited through this topic. Internal stakeholders: Internal stakeholders of an organization are staffs, volunteers and the board members. In order to establish this communication, the company would adopt online communication process (Hamdi, 2013). The company will send mail to the stakeholders in order to update time-to-time. SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses Bristol Cyrenians Ltd is a reputed organization with so many successful projects The company has good amount of fund There are a vast range of investors in Bristol city As Bristol city is a large city, it is difficult for the company to communicate Many people are not aware with online communication, which will prevent the company from increasing awareness among the audience. Opportunity Threats The company can distribute pamphlets to the social community in order to increase awareness There are so many investors in Bristol city, and therefore, fund will not be an issue Lack of support from the local government It is difficult to attract investors due to low estimated turnover of the recreational center. (Source: Knox Mayer, 2013) History Previously, Bristol Cyrenians Ltd had promoted this activity through online platform. However, it prevents the organization from attracting the social community of Bristol. Apart from that, there were no investors involved in this project and therefore, somehow the project was not successfully done (Kotler et al., 2015). In such projects, it is highly important to build strong communication with the internal stakeholders. The company would have communicated with the internal stakeholders through email. It helps the company to update the employees regarding the project. Objectives In this project, there are three major target audiences and therefore, objectives have been framed for each target audience. Following is the objectives for the target audiences. Social Community of Bristol To communicate with at least 150 families of Bristol city through online and offline communication process for promoting benefits of the recreational center, within 2 months after initiation of the process Investors To get in touch with 10 potential investors by arranging face-to-face meeting in order to increase donation for the project, within 2 to 3 months Internal stakeholders To communicate with all internal stakeholders such as staff, volunteers and board members through organizational communication model throughout the entire process. Strategy or Implementation In order to achieve the framed objectives, it is highly important to implement efficient strategies. The most appropriate strategy for achieving the objectives would be communication plan (Wates, 2014). The social community, investors and the internal stakeholders should have good knowledge about the projects. Since, the project is about a social activity, it is highly important to promote the benefits of the same among the people of Bristol. On the other hand, the investors need to know how they will be benefited from this project (Coombs, 2014). Finally, the internal stakeholders should have proper understanding on their roles and responsibilities in order to get successful outcome from the project. Following are the strategies that would be effective for leading the project toward success. Strategy for achieving objective 1 This objective is framed in order to promote benefits of the project among the social community. The aim of the company is to communicate with at least 150 families of Bristol. Therefore, the company will adopt both online and offline promotion strategy. The reason behind choosing such strategy is to reach to the maximum target audience (Cornelissen, 2014). Following are the communication plan for each strategy. Social media communication: In this manner, the company would promote the activity through social media. The company will create a banner with a company logo and other required information. In this process, the company will provide information regarding all the service that will be provided through the recreational center (Dozier, Grunig Grunig, 2013). Nowadays, everyone depends on social media in order to stay connected with their community. Therefore, it will be effective to adopt this platform. This strategy will help the company effectively to achieve this objective. Distribution of pamphlets: In this communication strategy, the company will print pamphlets including all information regarding the project (Friend Jessop, 2013). Not everyone has access to the internet and therefore, an offline communication process would help the company to communicate with maximum target audience. Budget for this strategy Particulars Amount ($) Cost of web page creation 300 Cost of page maintenance 170 Printing expenses 90 Salary to the SEO and Distributer 390 Total Cost 950 Staff responsibilities Activity Responsibility Responsible person Web page creation To create the social media page To include all required information Social Media Optimizer (Employee) Page maintenance To make sure that the page is getting maximum views Social Media Optimizer (Employee) Print the pamphlets To print the pamphlets at lowest cost Operation department Distributing the pamphlets To distribute the pamphlet among the targeted audience Volunteer Strategy for achieving objective 2 The objective will help the company to communicate with the investors in Bristol city. As there are so many organizations conduct business, it will be easy for the company to get financial support for the project (Hegerl Kohls, 2016). A face-to-face communication strategy would be most effective for achieving this objective. Through this communication process, the company would be able to forecast the potential benefits from the project. The organizations of Bristol will be able to promote sustainable activity through this project in an efficient manner. The company would invite the investors and give a presentation regarding the project. Budget for this strategy Particulars Amount ($) Accommodation rent 100 Beverage expenses 90 Commission to the third party members 150 Other expenses 70 Total cost 410 Staff responsibilities Activity Responsibility Responsible person Communicate with the investors To send invitation to the potential investors through face-to-face meeting Manager Managing the event To manage the entire event Project manager Presentation To give the presentation regarding the project Employee Strategy for achieving objective 3 In order to establish communication with the internal stakeholders, the company will adopt online communication process. Here, the company will send emails to the employees, volunteers and board members (Rail, Murray Holmes, 2016). Apart from that, the company will conduct meeting session with the internal stakeholders in order to assign responsibilities. Evaluation The objectives framed in this project are achievable and realistic as well. The company would be able to promote benefits of the recreational center among the target audience. The communication process adopted for this project is effective. For the first objective, online and offline communication process has been chosen (Singh Bisawa, 2016). The reason behind choosing such strategy is to reach to the maximum audience. In this manner, the company would adopt social media advertisement as online promotion. People now days are very much connected with social media and therefore, it can be said that the company will be able to get successive response (RAHI, 2016). On the other hand, distributing pamphlets will allow the company to connect with that population who are not familiar with online activities. The major activity of this project is communication with the investors. As mentioned before, Bristol is the city where lots of organizations are conducting sustainable business. Therefore, communicating with them would allow the organization to avoid financial barriers. Here, the company would invite the investors to present the entire plan. Organizations are seeking for opportunities to serve the local communities. Therefore, they would prefer to be a part of this project. Moreover, the company will include all the information to this presentation session in order to attract the investors (Gallagher et al., 2013). Thus, it can be said that this strategy would help Bristol Cyrenians Ltd to achieve the overall objective. The final objective framed for this project is to build good communication with the internal stakeholders. In order to achieve the overall objective, it is highly important to assign responsibilities to the workforce properly. Therefore, Bristol Cyrenians Ltd would conduct meeting session with the employees within the office premises. Therefore, there is no cost involvement in this strategy (Grunig, 2013). Apart from that, the company will prepare a report to communicate with the board members. Here, the company will clearly state their objectives to the employees and the board directors in order to initiate the process. Conclusion While concluding, it can be said that Bristol Cyrenians Ltd is a charitable organization of US, planned to open a recreational center. In this project, the company has selected there target audience such as social community, investors and the internal stakeholders. The company has implemented three different strategies in order to achieve these objectives. The reason behind performing this social activity is to provide different types of services to the local community of Bristol. The evaluation of the strategies shows that the company would successfully achieve the framed objectives within the estimated time. References Bristol Cyrenians. (2016). Bristol.org.us. Retrieved 23 July 2016, from https://www.bristol.org.us/info/9436/ Coombs, W.T., (2014).Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013).Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Friend, J., Jessop, N. (2013).Local Government and Strategic Choice (Routledge Revivals): An Operational Research Approach to the Processes of Public Planning. Routledge. Gallagher, L., Tateossian, J., Dowgiallo, M., Kadlik, C., Isenstein, V., Gossy, S., ... Robinson, A. (2013). Community Preparatory School: 2013-2014 Public Relations Plan. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hamdi, N. (2013).Small change: about the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities. Routledge. Hegerl, U., Kohls, E. (2016). Synergistic effects of multi-level suicide preventive interventions: Important, but difficult to disentangle.Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry,50(2), 178-179 Knox, P., Mayer, H. (2013).Small town sustainability: Economic, social, and environmental innovation. Walter de Gruyter. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. RAHI, S. (2016). Impact of Customer Perceived Value and Customers Perception of Public Relation on Customer Loyalty with Moderating Role of Brand Image.Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,21(2). Rail, G., Murray, S. J., Holmes, D. (2016). Human Rights and Qualitative Health Inquiry.Qualitative Inquiry and Human Rights, 218. Singh, R., Bisawa, T. (2016). Social Media Technology as Public Relation Tool in Higher Education.The International Journal of Business Management,4(4), 274 Smith, R. D. (2012).Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Wates, N. (2014).The Community Planning Handbook: How people can shape their cities, towns villages in any part of the world. Routledge.

President Trumans decision about dropping the bombs on Japan Essay Example

President Trumans decision about dropping the bombs on Japan Paper President Trumans decision to drop the bombs on Japan was justified As the twentieth century slowly dawned upon the world, there were many predicaments that lay ahead of the people of the United States; one of which was the Second World War. With the rise of communism and fascism, dictators like Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Joseph Stalin gained power and threatened the well being of the people by ruling with an iron fist. Although not considered a dictator, Hideki Tojo of Japan also participated in such cruelties by attacking nations without properly declaring war. These leaders and autocratic rules killed thousands and millions of innocent people and embarked on a campaign to rule the entire world. Luckily for the Americans, these totalitarian leaders ruled in the nations of Europe and Asia, not directly affecting the United States. However, on December 7, 1941, as President Roosevelt put it, a date which will live in infamy, Japan’s greed in conquering the world got out of control and affected America. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, killing thousands of people and injuring many more. Although President Roosevelt had knowledge of what will happen if America were to enter the war, he had no choice but to enter the war on behalf of the Allies to avenge the deaths of thousands of Americans. The European campaign for the allies were very largely successful and the only thing left for the Allies to deal with was the Pacific Campaign into Japan. Unfortunately, in the midst of this chaos, President Roosevelt passed away and President Harry Truman was inaugurated into office. During this time, the American government researched and quickly harnessed the world’s most powerful weapon, the Atomic Bomb. Truman knew the consequences of dropping the bombs on Japan and thoroughly examined the positives and negatives of the bomb. In consideration of all this, the positives outweighed the negatives and the bombs were finally dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities in Japan. President Truman had every right to drop the bombs on Japan in order to save lives and better America’s future as a world power. The bombs were dropped with a desire to save lives, nothing more and nothing less. The costs would have been innumerable and would have been crippling to the Americans if President Truman didn’t make the decision in dropping the bombs. We will write a custom essay sample on President Trumans decision about dropping the bombs on Japan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on President Trumans decision about dropping the bombs on Japan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on President Trumans decision about dropping the bombs on Japan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the many costs that the Americans would have to pay would be the significant number of casualties that would have occurred if Americans were to have entered Japan and fight a war face to face. Some may consider the United States to be nothing more than coward for doing this, but it is far better than losing thousands of lives in war. The Japanese began to draft its entire population, including children and women. If the Americans were to have come face to face in combat with these soldiers, America would have suffered great losses; losses that would be impossible to fully recover from. Furthermore, sending troops into Japan and dropping a bomb on Japan is essentially almost the same concept; both are to decimate Japan into rubbles in order for the nation to surrender. So, why not choose the option of dropping bombs in Japan when it is much safer and more efficient than sending troops into Japan? With the attack of Pearl Harbor, Japan and the United States were officially in a state of war between each other. In a state of war, the main focus is to decimate the enemy by any means possible. This meaning, deploying troops into enemy territories creating blockades, and even dropping bombs on the enemy is perfectly legal. President Truman was entirely justified in deciding to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan. In any war, opposing nations killed enemy troops, decimated enemy cities into rubbles, and dropped bombs. Droppings bombs and deploying troops to kill enemy troops are one and the same; both result in the death of many. In any war, the point of war is to win. When it comes to war, the moral thoughts that govern society are not the same morals that govern the military. When in a state of war, the goal is to defeat your enemy, and keep your own men alive, so during the war, the lives of American soldiers were far more important to America than the lives of the Japanese; that was America’s goal- to take Japanese lives. Considering all this, why is it in then in this case that it is so controversial to take the lives of the Japanese population? Japan violated American territories, killed Americans, and caused a number of other problems for the United States; America suffered losses and to prevent further loss, President Truman had every right to make a decision in dropping the bombs over Japan. Considering the consequences of American entry in to the war, the United States closely scrutinized the results of war. President Roosevelt and Truman carefully examined the positives and negatives. In the case of Japan, President Truman believed dropping the bombs on Japan was a definite positive for America. Dropping the bombs on Japan helped better the future of America by preventing a large number of casualties in battles. The only initiative in dropping the bomb is to help quicken the ending of the war and save lives, not to cause pain and agony; thus, making Truman’s decision in dropping the bomb justified. Truman was also justified according to legal international laws. America and Japan were in a state of war and in a state of war, there is only one victor. The point of war is to win and the only way to do so is to decimate the opposing side by any means possible. Deploying troops, creating blockades, and dropping bombs are all one and the same; they all result in death. The reason in deploying troops is to kill enemy troops. The reason in creating a blockade is to block shipment into enemy nations; thus, causing a dearth in goods and food, causing starvation and eventual death. The reason in dropping bombs is to decimate cities into rubbles and demonstrate power. Thus, if all these result in death, why is it so controversial for President Truman to make a decision in bombing Japan? A bomb is a bomb; whether it is an A, B, or C bomb, they are all one and the same. Bombs were made to decimate cities and kill people. In war, saving lives and winning are the top priorities in war. President Truman decided to bomb Japan in order to save lives and to win the war; thus, President Truman was totally justified in making the decision in dropping the bombs.